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HomeMy WebLinkAboutEDB Health & Safety Manual CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL C 0 UUA/4 co 0,0 01111111 II �T YgUT1�1O _. ClayCountyUtilityAuthority Health & SafetyManual .,7, w 1st Edition January 2022 Disclaimer: The Health & Safety Manual is published annually. Updates are ongoing and may be made throughout the year. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 -INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Health and Safety Mission Statement 8 1.2 Health and Safety Vision 8 1.3 CCUA Health & Safety Policy 8 SECTION 2 -HEALTH AND SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 9 2.1 Principles 9 2.2 Responsibilities 9 2.3 Reporting Unsafe Conditions 10 2.4 Enforcement Responsibilities 11 SECTION 3 - SAFETY COMMITTEE 12 3.1 Committee Members 12 3.2 Committee Agenda &Responsibilities 12 SECTION 4-EMPLOYEE SAFETY TRAINING 13 4.1 Safety Meetings 13 4.2 Safety Training 13 4.3 Proper Job Instruction 13 SECTION 5 -EMERGENCY RESPONSE 14 5.1 Before an Emergency 14 5.2 When an Emergency Occurs 14 5.3 Building Evacuation 14 to 5.4 Test Drills 15 5.5 Management Responsibilities 15 5.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers 15 SECTION 6-INCIDENT RESPONSE & REPORTING 16 6.1 Incident Response 16 6.2 Incident Reporting 16 6.3 Contact & Resource Information 17 SECTION 7 -PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 19 7.1 Responsibilities 19 7.2 Selection 20 7.3 Hazard Assessments 20 7.4 Cleaning and Maintenance 20 7.5 Training 21 7.6 Recordkeeping 21 7.7 Enforcement 21 7.8 Eyes and Face Protection 21 7.9 Welding PPE 21 7.10 Hard Hats 22 7.11 Reflective Protective Clothing 22 7.12 Hand Protection 22 7.13 Hearing Protection 23 7.14 Foot Protection 24 7.15 Fall Protection 24 7.16 PPE - Employee Responsibility 24 2IPage SECTION 8 —EMERGENCY EYEWASH & SHOWER STATIONS 25 SECTION 9 —FIRST AID & MEDICAL TREATMENT 26 9.1 General Approach and Instructions 26 9.2 Sudden Illnesses & Medical Emergencies 27 9.2.1 Inability to Breath 27 9.2.2 Heart Attack 27 9.2.3 Cardiac Arrest 28 9.2.4 Stroke 28 9.2.5 Diabetes 28 9.2.6 Seizures 29 9.2.7 Shock 30 9.3 Injury Emergencies 30 9.3.1 Minor Injury with Bleeding 30 9.3.2 Significant Injury with Visible, Severe Bleeding 30 9.3.3 Broken Bones 31 9.3.4 Internal Bleeding 31 9.3.5 Burns (Heat, Thermal, Electrical or Chemical) 32 9.3.6 Head, Neck, and Spine Injuries 33 9.4 Environmental Emergencies 34 9.4.1 Heat 34 9.4.2 Cold 38 9.4.3 Poison 38 to 9.5 Employee Medical Treatment 39 SECTION 10—BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 40 10.1 Procedures 40 10.2 Reporting Exposures 40 10.3 Vaccination 40 SECTION 11 —BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS 41 11.1 Poisonous Plants 41 11.1.1 Poison Ivy 42 11.1.2 Poison Oak 43 11.1.3 Poison Sumac 44 11.2 Vector-Borne Diseases 45 11.3 Insects & Wildlife 46 11.3.1 Insects 46 11.3.2 Spiders 47 11.3.3 Snakes 48 SECTION 12 —SPRAY PAINTING 51 SECTION 13 — SAFE LIFTING 52 SECTION 14—FIRE PREVENTION &PLAN 53 14.1 Fire Prevention 53 14.2 Fire Plan 54 SECTION 15 —TORNADO 55 SECTION 16—EXPLOSION PLAN 56 SECTION 17—BOMB THREAT PLAN 57 SECTION 18 —CIVIL DISORDERS & DEMONSTRATIONS 58 3 ' Page SECTION 19 —HOSTAGE SITUATION 59 SECTION 20—VIOLENCE IN THE WORKPLACE 60 SECTION 21 —HAZARD AWARENESS 61 SECTION 22 —ELECTRICITY & ARC FLASH 62 22.1 Electric Shock Effect Factors 62 22.2 Safe Actions 62 22.3 Arc Flash 62 22.3.1 Arc Flash Causes 62 22.3.2 Severity Factors 63 22.3.3 Possible Effects and Injuries 63 22.3.4 Approach/Protection Boundaries 63 22.3.5 Protection 64 22.3.6 Arc Flash Warning Labels 65 SECTION 23 —HAND TOOLS &POWER TOOLS 67 23.1 General Precautions 67 23.2 Hand Tools 67 23.2.1 Screwdrivers 68 23.2.2 Hammers 68 23.2.3 Files 68 23.2.4 Pry Bars 68 23.2.5 Wrenches 68 23.2.6 Drill Bits 68 to 23.2.7 Shovels, Pickaxes and Axes 69 23.3 Power Tools 69 23.3.1 Flying Objects 70 23.3.2 Electrical Safety with Power Tools 70 23.4 Ground Fault Current Interrupters (GFCI) 71 23.5 Pneumatic (Air) Tools—General 71 23.6 Powder Actuated Tools 72 23.7 Chain Falls & Come Alongs 73 23.7.1 Chain Falls 73 23.7.2 Come Alongs 73 23.8 Pedestal, Bench, and Portable Grinders—General 74 23.9 Welding, Cutting, Brazing, Grinding & Soldering (Hot Work) 74 SECTION 24—LOCKOUT/TAGOUT (LOTO) 75 24.1 Definitions 75 24.2 General 75 24.3 Sequence of Lockout/Tagout System Procedure 76 24.4 Lockout/Tagout Procedure for Electrical Plug-Type Equipment 77 24.5 Contractors 77 SECTION 25 — SCAFFOLDS 78 25.1 Guardrails and Toeboards 78 25.2 Working Surfaces 78 25.3 Scaffold Footing and Anchorage 78 25.4 Tubular Welded Frame 79 25.5 Tube and Coupler(Tube-Lock) 79 4IPage 25.6 One-Point and Two-Point Suspension Scaffolds 79 25.7 Knee Brace/Cantilever 79 25.8 Ladders used with Scaffolding 79 SECTION 26-LADDERS 81 26.1 Ladder Types 81 26.2 Care of Ladders 81 26.3 Use of Ladders 81 SECTION 27 -TRENCHING & EXCAVATION SAFETY 84 27.1 Definitions 84 27.2 Soil Types 85 27.3 Soil Testing Methods 85 27.4 Excavation and Trenching Requirements 86 27.5 Hazardous Atmospheres and Confined Spaces 87 27.6 Testing for Atmospheric Contaminants 87 27.7 Protective Systems Requirements 87 SECTION 28 -CONFINED SPACE ENTRY 90 28.1 Identifying Confined Spaces 90 28.2 Supervisor Responsibilities 91 28.3 Identifying Confined Space Hazards 92 28.4 Confined Space Entry Program 93 28.5 Conducting Pre-Entry Training 95 28.6 Confined Space Cleaning Procedures 97 to 28.7 Rescue Procedures 98 28.8 Personnel Responsibilities and Training 98 28.9 Definitions Related to Confined Space Entry 100 SECTION 29 -FORKLIFT SAFETY 102 29.1 Traveling 103 29.2 Loading 103 29.3 Operation of the Truck 103 29.4 Maintenance of Industrial Trucks 104 29.5 Training 104 SECTION 30-HEAVY EQUIPMENT 105 30.1 Driving and Operating 105 30.2 Maintenance and Repair 106 30.3 Parking and Security 106 30.4 Safety Rules for Working Around Heavy Equipment 106 30.5 Crane and Rigging 106 SECTION 31 -VEHICLE SAFETY 108 31.1 Pre-trip Safety 108 31.2 Safe Operation 108 31.3 Preventative Maintenance 109 SECTION 32 -MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC 110 32.1 Employee Safety 110 32.2 Pedestrian Safety 110 SECTION 33 -HAZARDOUS COMMUNICATION STANDARD 111 33.1 Container Labeling 111 5IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 33.2 Safety Data Sheets (SDS) 111 33.3 Employee Training and Education 112 33.4 Non-Routine Tasks 113 33.5 Basic Safety Precautions 114 33.6 Spill Response 114 SECTION 34—COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDER(CGC) SAFETY 115 SECTION 35 —CHARGING AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES 116 SECTION 36—HOUSEKEEPING &ERGONOMICS 117 36.1 General Housekeeping 117 36.2 Office Safety 118 36.3 Ergonomics 119 36.4 Other Helpful Tips 120 SECTION 37—CHLORINE 121 37.1 Chlorine Cylinders 121 ' 37.2 Controlling and Repairing Chlorine Leaks: 121 37.2 First Aid for Chlorine Ingestion& Exposure 122 SECTION 38—ASBESTOS 124 APPENDIX 125 Appendix A- Incident Report Form 126 Appendix B - Confined Space Entry Permit 128 Appendix C—Hot Work Permit 129 Appendix D - Sample SDS Request Letter 130 Appendix E - SDS Inspection Stations 131 Appendix F - Monthly Safety Meeting Sign-In Sheet 133 Appendix G-Receipt of Health & Safety Manual 134 DEFINITIONS 135 HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL REVISIONS 144 6IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL (Page Intentionally Left Blank) to 7IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 1 — INTRODUCTION 1.1 Health and Safety Mission Statement Clay County Utility Authority's (CCUA) mission is to ensure the health and safety of all staff, contractors and the community CCUA serves. 1.2 Health and Safety Vision CCUA strives to promote and ensure a safety culture, and healthy and safe work conditions and environment, for all employees, customers and the general public through the development of procedures, training programs, processes and services that will drive continuous improvement. 1.3 CCUA Health & Safety Policy CCUA is committed to the health and safety of its employees, contractors and the general public. Healthy and injury-free employees and contractors empower CCUA to perform efficiently and optimally, reduce operating and claim costs and increase employee morale. Through individual ownership, involvement and commitment to the following competencies, CCUA will successfully achieve an injury-free and illness-free workplace: A. Compliance a. Comply with and support applicable Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 ("OSHA") laws, industry standards and company policies and procedures. b. Proactively address risk and incorporate it in planning,policies and operations. c. Develop and adhere to CCUA's voluntary consensus standards. d. Consult with key stakeholders, such as the St. John's River Water Management District and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, to be aware of potential concerns. e. Assess CCUA systems to comply with new laws, regulations, the demands of new technology, and ever-changing resources. B. Strategic Agility a. Address risks, accidents and opportunities as they emerge. b. Sense and adapt to changing environments and conditions. c. Advance innovative risk and safety policies, standards, and procedures. d. Respond effectively, properly and timely. e. Integrate workplace safety and accident, illness and risk prevention and management into strategic considerations. f. Set, continually evaluate and update challenging goals. C. Accountability a. Relay and define clear expectations. b. Provide support and training to prepare all employees to actively identify hazards, prevent and correct unsafe conditions. c. Demonstrate safe behaviors at every level. d. Hold employees accountable for understanding and incorporating health and safety responsibilities into daily work activities. e. Actively engage the management of contractors to hold them accountable for compliance with laws and applicable company requirements. D. Community Involvement a. Develop and maintain effective public safety programs to educate and inform the public in the communities in which we operate. Wage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 2 — HEALTH AND SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 2.1 Principles Safety is CCUA's top priority. CCUA promotes a safety culture that emphasizes safety as a top-to- bottom process. Leadership, management and supervisor attitudes and behaviors are critical components of the safety culture that permeates down through the organization to the workforce, setting the tone for safety expectations. Supervisors are responsible to ensure that all employees work safely. Notwithstanding the responsibilities of supervision, each CCUA employee is accountable for their personal safe performance. As a condition of continued employment with CCUA, all employees at all levels are directed to incorporate safety procedures and principles into their everyday work performance and be aware of and abide by applicable safety rules, regulations and policies stated herein. All employees are required to adhere to the following safety principles: A. Personal Accountability a. Be responsible for personal safety. b. Know and follow safety rules and standards at all times. c. Actively participate in safety improvement efforts and job briefings. d. Be mentally and physically capable and prepared to perform the task at hand. B. Hazard Recognition a. Be aware of personal surroundings at all times. b. Seek out and mitigate hazards. c. Be fully aware of hazards associated with the job, work procedures involved, special precautions, electrical sources and controls, chemical exposures, and personal protective equipment requirements. C. Active Caring a. Observe, stop and advise co-workers who are not in compliance or who exhibit at-risk behaviors. b. Take action to assure the safety of others and be willing to accept advice. c. Report immediately to supervision all incidents and near misses regardless of severity or type. 2.2 Responsibilities All CCUA employees are responsible for their own safety and are required to know, understand and obey, and may be periodically observed or assessed on, the safety rules and safe work practices applicable to their duties. The Health & Safety Manual ("Manual") provides the minimum safety standards and safe work practices expected to reduce accidents and risk of loss and ensure the health and safety of CCUA's employees under general conditions. Employees shall also follow all other CCUA policies and procedures. All CCUA employees must receive and acknowledge receipt of this Manual (see Appendix"G"). The provisions in this Manual are intended to supplement or augment all governmental rules, laws, codes and regulations, and do not negate, abrogate, alter or otherwise change any provisions of these rules, laws, codes and regulations. Since it is impracticable to cover all conditions and emergencies, the content in this Manual must be understood as a tool for addressing workplace hazards, rather than an exhaustive statement of an employer's legal obligations, which are defined by statute, regulations, and standards. To the extent that this information references practices or procedures that may enhance health 9IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL or safety, but which are not required by a statute, regulation, or standard, it cannot and does not create additional legal obligations. Employees shall use good judgment in meeting any conditions and safety provisions not included in this Manual. Every level of management and supervision shall be held accountable for the safety performance demonstrated by the employees under their supervision. Management and supervision are charged with the following responsibilities: A. Preventing the occurrence of incidents or conditions that could lead to injuries or illness B. Ensuring that safety rules and procedures are conveyed,understood and enforced C. Ensuring that proper and effective personal protective equipment (PPE) and training and education programs are provided and utilized D. Ensuring that work is performed in a safe manner and environment to protect all employees, visitors, the general public, and adjacent property E. Accepting and addressing, in a positive manner, all reports of potential or existing health and safety hazards without reprisal. (NOTE: Employees shall not be reprimanded or penalized for reporting hazards.) This Manual supersedes any past safety policy or manual, and compliance is required with the latest version. The safety rules and safe work practices contained herein were formulated to assist and protect employees in their work and will be revised and updated to keep abreast of the latest technological developments, changing conditions and improvements in equipment and procedures. 2.3 Reporting Unsafe Conditions Employee observations can be extremely important in preventing accidents. Many times, an accident may result from a condition that employees were aware of but failed to report. Where any conditions or provisions are not covered by this Manual, the job is not completely understood, or the employee feels unprepared or ill-equipped, the employee shall consult with and obtain specific instructions from a supervisor prior to proceeding with the task. Employees shall immediately report all hazardous acts, equipment, tools, environments and conditions to their supervisor or the Risk & Safety Manager. If emergency assistance is needed, call 911 and request assistance. Employees shall also exercise care to always place themselves in a safe, healthy and secure position and environment. The care exercised by others shall not be relied upon for the employee's own protection. The ultimate responsibility for providing a safe and healthy workplace and environment rests with each individual employee. Once the condition is reported, the supervisor must investigate the claim and take any necessary corrective action. If the supervisor cannot complete the necessary corrective action unassisted, he or she must go through the proper channels to complete the corrective action. 10IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 2.4 Enforcement Responsibilities Safety involves efficient performance. Therefore, safety must be a part of the planning for every job and equal in importance to all other operational considerations. All staff must be alert and open to the possibility of improvement. Unsafe conditions and procedures must be identified to enable correction and eliminate reoccurrences. Consequently, every employee should immediately report accidents,unsafe conditions or procedures, and safety concerns. All accidents are to be reported, whether personal injury or property damage is involved or not. Remember the "near misses/near accidents" are warning signs. The accident employees prevent may be the accident that would have resulted in injury. Observing the following safety responsibilities will make operations safer for every CCUA employee: A. Supervisors at all levels must observe and enforce all safety rules. B. At the time of hire, Human Resources shall provide each employee a copy of this Manual. C. The employee's supervisor shall summarize policies and procedures applicable to the employee's work situation and position. D. Each CCUA employee is required and expected to follow all CCUA safety policies and procedures. E. Employees who violate a safety policy or procedure, or knowingly permit a violation, are subject to immediate disciplinary action. F. Employees are required to immediately report any emergency or unsafe situation to their supervisor. If an employee believes the situation cannot be reported to his or her supervisor, it is permissible to report the issue to the Department Head or the Risk& Safety Manager. G. If an employee feels unable to safely complete his or her assigned work duties, the employee must report this information to his or her immediate supervisor. H. All CCUA employees must cooperate with the Risk& Safety Manager conducting a meeting, inspection, investigation, conference or ride-along. 11 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 3 — SAFETY COMMITTEE The Safety Committee provides a channel for action and suggestions submitted by employees. It encourages a close relationship between management and employees to continually improve attitudes towards safety. It is also an excellent means to maintain good employee morale and public relations and necessary to maintain safe working conditions and safe employees. 3.1 Committee Members Safety committee members shall consist of: • Risk& Safety Manager • Recording Secretary • Facilities Administrator • Senior Leadership Team • Department Heads • Employees as needed 3.2 Committee Agenda & Responsibilities The Safety Committee shall be responsible for assisting management in reviewing and updating workplace safety programs by evaluating employee injuries and accident records, identifying trends and patterns, and formulating corrective measures to prevent reoccurrence. All recommendations shall be submitted to the Risk & Safety Manager and CCUA management for approval. Committee members shall contribute to CCUA's safety program as follows: A. Meet quarterly, or more often if necessary, during regular scheduled work hours B. Devise methods of promoting safety among all employees C. Solicit and evaluate employee suggestions to improve safety within CCUA D. Review accidents, incidents and injuries from most recent quarter. Include a 3-year history for any previous accidents, incidents and injuries for the employee. E. Review accident statistics F. Discuss and develop action plans to help reduce accidents, illnesses, incidents and injuries in the workplace G. Conduct quarterly review of employee accidents H. Provide recommendations regarding corrective action as it pertains to safety I. Review the employee safety training program 12IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 4 - EMPLOYEE SAFETY TRAINING Employee health and safety is priority. Therefore, every employee must understand the hazards inherent within the working environment and be provided proper training to avoid hazards. Primary safety data and subject matter shall include: A. Safety Orientation: All new employees shall be given a safety orientation by their supervisor prior to performing any work. During this orientation, a positive attitude toward working safely will be stressed, and the employee will be advised that safety is a condition of employment. The safety program will be explained, and safety responsibilities will be defined. B. Hazards: Employees must understand and be informed by their supervisor about the hazards inherent in the working procedures and in the physical environment. C. Safety Rules and Regulations: Employees must know the safety rules and regulations appropriate to the work that is being performed and the work environment and be trained by their supervisor or an assignee on safe workplace methods. D. Recent Accidents: Employees must be informed of recent work-related accidents. This serves to strengthen hazard awareness. 4.1 Safety Meetings All CCUA employees will receive monthly safety training relevant to their positions and work environments. CCUA supervisors must conduct a minimum of one safety meeting per month. The supervisor and all employees directly reporting to that supervisor must attend. An outlined report (see Appendix F) containing subject matter, signature of attendees, date, time, and location of meeting shall be completed, and a copy of the report should be maintained by the supervisor or its assign and provided to the Risk & Safety Manager upon request. The average length of a safety meeting should be 10 minutes in duration. The subject matter for this meeting is provided by the supervisor, Department Head or Risk& Safety Manager and is based on current safety needs. 4.2 Safety Training A. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring all employees in their department and under their supervision receive proper safety training. B. The Risk & Safety Manager will provide and schedule, or assist with providing and scheduling, specialized technical training for employees who may encounter unique hazards associated with a particular industry or hazard. C. The Risk & Safety Manager will schedule, or assist with scheduling, all safety training for employees. 4.3 Proper Job Instruction The supervisor or its designated representative will implement the following guidelines when providing job instructions: A. Ensure the employee is advised of the importance of doing the task properly, receives step- by-step instruction on how to properly perform the task, and is provided and instructed on how to properly use necessary PPE. B. Show the employee the proper procedures and answer the employee's questions. C. Let the employee perform the task, while watching carefully to correct any procedure done incorrectly. D. Check back with the employee from time to time to verify the job is performed properly and answer any questions. 13IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 5 — EMERGENCY RESPONSE Employees must be familiar with emergency response procedures, including site-specific emergency response actions applicable to their work environment. The following general rules and actions should be learned and obeyed by all CCUA employees prior to and in the event of an emergency: IF FIRST RESPONDERS ARE REQUIRED, CALL 911 TO REPORT THE EMERGENCY. 5.1 Before an Emergency A. Locate and learn how to operate fire alarms, fire extinguishers and other emergency alarm systems. B. Learn the location of all exits relative to the work area and determine a primary and alternate exit route. C. Know the designated meeting area outside the building. 5.2 When an Emergency Occurs A. If a fire alarm sounds, always immediately evacuate the building. B. Do not run. Report to the assigned designated meeting area outside the building immediately. C. Escort visitor(s) to the designated meeting area. Do not re-enter the building after an emergency evacuation until instructed to do so by management, and do not stand near doorways. 5.3 Building Evacuation When evacuation is announced at any CCUA facility, all employees must immediately leave the building and go to their designated meeting location. Each location shall have its own evacuation plans in place ahead of time to minimize confusion and panic during an emergency. These pre-planning elements include the following: • Designated meeting places are assigned that are located at least 100 feet away from the building. • Employees know when and how to evacuate and are aware of primary and secondary exit routes. • Able employees are designated to assist individuals with impairments (mobility, visual, mental, hearing) during evacuation. • Employees are aware of the location of fire alarm pull stations and fire extinguishers, and how to operate them. • Employees are designated to search private restrooms, private offices, and other isolated areas during an evacuation. • Identify the chain of command to minimize confusion and ensure employees know who has authority for making decisions. 14IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 5.4 Test Drills Evacuation test drills for the Administrative Building will be scheduled at least once a year. The coordinator, often the Facilities Administrator, will coordinate these test drills with the appropriate agencies. 5.5 Management Responsibilities In the event of an emergency, each respective supervisor is responsible for ensuring that employees and members of the public present in their workspace at the time of an emergency are aware of and follow all emergency procedures. 5.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers Different fire hazards and sizes require different types and capacities of fire extinguishers. • Class A fires include wood, paper and textiles o Travel distance for employees to any extinguisher is 75 feet or less • Class B fires include flammable liquids o Travel distance for employees to any extinguisher is 50 feet or less • Class C fires include electrical equipment o Travel distance is based on the pattern for existing Class A or Class B hazards • Class D fires include metal powders and shavings o Travel distance for employees to any extinguisher is 75 feet or less • Class K fire extinguishers are required for commercial and restaurant kitchens o Travel distance for employees to any extinguisher is 30 feet or less Supervisors or their assigns must conduct monthly visual inspections to ensure that all portable fire extinguishers are accessible and kept in their designated places at all times, except during use. The Facilities Administrator must have all portable fire extinguishers inspected and tested annually by a professional fire protection company and maintained in a fully charged and operable condition. The following are ways fire extinguishers need to be tested, the inspection schedule and the employee(s) responsible for each inspection: A. Visual Inspections—Once per Month— Supervisors a. Look for obvious signs of physical damage, such as corrosion, leakage, or dents. b. Check the pressure gauge to make sure the indicator is in the operating range. c. Make sure the pull-pin is not missing and the pull pin seal is intact. d. Verify the date of the last professional inspection. e. Date and initial the back of the tag to log the monthly visual inspection. B. Maintenance Inspections—Once per Year—Facilities Administrator a. Once a fire extinguisher passes its annual inspection, it is verified and updated with an inspection tag. That tag is good for one year from the date indicated. If the unit fails to pass the inspection, it must be replaced. 15IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 6 - INCIDENT RESPONSE & REPORTING Prompt and accurate handling, reporting and investigation of all work-related "incidents," which includes all work-related injuries, illnesses, near misses, accidents, and property damage is required. This information can be used in evaluating and preventing hazards, fulfilling mandatory recordkeeping requirements and filing for Worker's Compensation benefits. Incidents resulting in employee injury and/or illness require that the appropriate Worker's Compensation procedures be followed and forms completed. An Incident Report Form shall be available at each CCUA facility and in all CCUA vehicles (refer to the "Incident Report Form" in Appendix A of this Manual). 6.1 Incident Response 1. In the event of an accident or incident resulting in injury or health risk, or a vehicle accident, call 911 and report the incident, take action to prevent further exposure to injury or exposure, and seek medical treatment if necessary. ALL vehicle accidents, regardless of severity, must be reported by calling 911. 2. Render aid when and if safely possible (refer to "First Aid&Medical Treatment" in Section 9 of this Manual). 3. Immediately, or as soon as safely possible following an incident, report all work-related accidents, incidents and injuries, regardless of severity, to the employee's supervisor and the Risk & Safety Manager. In the event of a serious or fatal incident involving a CCUA employee, the responding or onsite employee shall notify the supervisor and the Risk & Safety Manager of the incident on the injured employee's behalf. 4. The supervisor must notify the Department Head of the incident as quickly as possible and by the next business day following the incident. 5. The supervisor and Department Head, or their assigns, are responsible for securing any CCUA property and equipment involved in the incident to avoid additional safety or health risks. 6. The Risk& Safety Manager will notify CCUA's insurance company and CCUA's Safety Committee of the incident. 7. The employee involved in the incident shall submit to drug and alcohol testing in accordance with CCUA's Drug Free Workplace policy. 6.2 Incident Reporting A. CCUA employees shall not make any written or verbal statements accepting or committing CCUA to any liability for an incident involving CCUA employees or property. Employees are not to sign statements unless so instructed by CCUA's legal counsel or the Executive Director. Basic identification, insurance and vehicle information required by law will be provided to authorities and for use in CCUA's Incident Report Form. a. Provide information required or requested by the emergency personnel or authorities. b. Fully cooperate and be mindful of the respect due to the investigating authorities. c. Thoroughly photograph and document all details of the incident. B. Report the facts and be objective and honest. Do not share opinions or assumptions. Let the insurance company conduct the investigation. Objective observations of a person's behavior, demeanor, or emotional state that are relevant to the incident are acceptable. a. For example, for slip, trips, and falls: What kind of shoes was the person wearing? What were the weather/ground/surface conditions? Was the person visibly distracted, not paying attention, on a cell phone? If there was a handrail (for steps), was it being used or not? Was a weather mat or a wet floor sign in place? C. As soon as possible after an incident occurs, if appropriate and safely possible, photograph in and around the scene, injuries, property damages, and any other pertinent details, such as signage, 16 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL railings, lighting, safety features or equipment, or possible debris or defects involved in the incident, and provide these photographs to the Risk& Safety Manager. D. Secure and save surveillance footage and provide a copy or link to the Risk& Safety Manger. E. The employee or supervisor must complete and sign the Incident Report form (found P:\Forms\Incident Report Form, on the Master Dashboard in Filemaker under "FORMS" and in Appendix A of this Manual) and submit the completed report and any supporting documentation and photographs to the Department Head and Risk& Safety Manager as soon as feasibly possible, within 48-hours following the incident. F. Incident Report Forms should only be completed and signed by CCUA staff. G. Incident Report Forms are internal documents used by CCUA and CCUA's insurance company as part of the investigation and liability determination for the incident. The Incident Report Forms should not be provided or released to external parties without the expressed consent of CCUA's legal counsel or insurance company. In the event of a lawsuit, Incident Report Forms may be released to other attorneys through discovery. H. When dealing with damage and repairs to private, non-CCUA (claimant) owned property: a. Restrict repairs to impacted areas, real and personal property, and equipment. b. Do not offer to repair or replace the claimant's personal items (ex.: faucets, water heaters, rugs.). c. Advise the claimant to make and submit to the Risk & Safety Manager a list of all damaged property, items, and equipment. d. Provide the claimant the following contact information for the Risk& Safety Manager: Lynn Valentin LValentin@clayutility.org (904) 213-2448 e. Advise the claimant that CCUA's insurance company will investigate the incident. 6.3 Contact & Resource Information Emergency Numbers Medical Emergency/Ambulance/Rescue .911 Fire 911 Police 911 Poison Control Center .1-800-222-1222 Risk& Safety Manager 1-904-213-2448 If you are in danger, get to a safe place. If able, warn others. Then immediately report the emergency by dialing 911 and providing the following information to the 911 operator: • Your name • Location of emergency • The phone number you are calling from, in case disconnected from 911 • Nature of accident or injury • Condition and number of injured, and what assistance is being provided • Any other helpful information needed by emergency personnel • Stay on the phone until told to hang up DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RENDER FIRST AID UNLESS YOU ARE PROPERLY TRAINED TO DO SO TO AVOID CAUSING ADDITIONAL INJURY TO THE INJURED. 17IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS MUST BE IMPLEMENTED BY THE FIRST AID PROVIDER TO PROTECT AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASE. (Refer to "Bloodborne Pathogens" in Section 10 of this Manual.) KEY CCUA SAFETY CONTACTS AND RESOURCES Risk& Safety Manager Lynn Valentin LValentin@clayutility.org Office: 904-213-2448 Cell: 904-763-1769 Chief Human Resources Officer Kimberly Richardson KRichardson@clayutility.org Office: 904-213-2438 Facilities Administrator James Moore JMoore@clayutility.org Office: 904-213-2401 Cell: 904-254-0133 CCUA has established an Ethics & Safety program through Lighthouse Services, Inc. for employees to anonymously report safety, fraud, unlawful, unethical and other types of improper behavior. This reporting line is NOT a substitute for routine communications within our organization between associates and their supervisors, managers, or administrative staff as it relates to workplace duties or grievances. Likewise, it does not replace communications with Human Resources staff about benefit issues or other job-related issues. Regular business matters that do not require anonymity should be directed to the employee's supervisor or Human Resources and should not be submitted using this service. Employees may contact Lighthouse Services, using one of the reporting options below: • Website: www.lighthouse-services.com/clayutility • Toll-Free Telephone: o English speaking USA and Canada: 855-222-0818 o Spanish speaking USA and Canada: 800-216-1288 • E-mail: reports@lighthouse-services.com (must include company name with report) 18 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 7 — PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal protective equipment (PPE) is an important and required tool in preventing injuries, hazards and exposures on the job. Though a required and vital component of CCUA's safety program, PPE devices are the least effective way to control a hazard and should not be relied on as a sole means of protection against hazards. PPE should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering and administrative controls and safe work practices. Knowing the correct PPE to use and when to use it is essential. This PPE policy pertains to all CCUA employees. The policy covers PPE selection; hazard assessment; responsibilities of management, supervisors and employees; training; inspection and maintenance and record keeping. Types of personal protective equipment covered in this program include but are not limited to: • Rain gear • Gloves • Visibility vests • Welding clothing and shields • Breathing and respiratory devices • Protective clothing, shields and barriers • Protective footwear(as required by the position) • Protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities Requests for PPE equipment not immediately available should be directed to the employee's supervisor. Use of available and required PPE is the employee's responsibility. Ignoring this requirement will not be tolerated and will result in disciplinary action. A work-related injury due to non-compliance of PPE requirements may result in a reduction of Worker's Compensation Indemnity Benefits per Florida Statutes. In accordance with OSHA Standard 1910.132, PPE shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact. All PPE shall be of safe design and construction for the work to be performed. The supervisor shall assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE. If such hazards are present, or likely to be present, the supervisor shall: • Select, and have each affected employee use, the types of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazards identified in the hazard assessment • Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee • Ensure PPE properly fits each affected employee • Defective or damaged PPE shall not be used Defective or damaged PPE will not be used. When PPE is removed for disposal, it will be tagged as such, if not disposed of immediately. 7.1 Responsibilities A. Department Heads/Supervisors a. Providing all required PPE to the employees working under them b. Enforcing the PPE Policy in accordance with departmental guidelines 19IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL c. Using disciplinary action in accordance with departmental guidelines when deemed necessary d. Setting the example for employees by wearing PPE when required e. Ensuring employees are trained on the proper use, care and cleaning of PPE f. Maintaining records on PPE inventory and training g. Notifying the Risk & Safety Manager when new hazards are introduced or when processes are added or changed h. Ensuring defective or damaged equipment is immediately and properly disposed of and replaced i. Auditing and supplying employees' safety equipment B. Employees a. Wearing PPE as required b. Attending required training sessions c. Properly caring for, cleaning and maintaining PPE d. Informing the supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE e. Showing up for work in proper attire, including required footwear f. Wearing CCUA-issued shirts or other work-related clothing. C. Risk& Safety Manager a. Conducting workplace hazard assessments to assist with determining the presence of hazards that necessitate the use of PPE b. Providing or assist with providing training and technical assistance to supervisors on the proper use, care and cleaning of PPE c. Providing or assist with providing guidance to supervisors and Procurement in PPE selection d. Evaluating, reviewing and updating the overall effectiveness of the PPE program 7.2 Selection The PPE required for each job is selected based on the findings during hazard assessments of jobs, supervisor recommendations, and OSHA and industry standards. All PPE provided by CCUA is approved by the appropriate governing agencies,based on technical data and research. 7.3 Hazard Assessments The purpose of conducting hazard assessments of jobs is to identify all potential hazards where PPE is expected to minimize the potential for injuries and incidents among our employees. Consideration is given to the following basic categories during hazard assessments: • Impact • Penetration • Compression • Chemical • Heat • Harmful Dust, Fumes and Vapors • Light Radiation • Noise 7.4 Cleaning and Maintenance All employees are responsible to properly clean, maintain and store their PPE. Cleaning is particularly important for eye and face protection where dirty or fogged lenses could impair vision. PPE is to be inspected, cleaned and maintained by employees as part of the employee's normal job duties. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring compliance of this policy. Employees are responsible for reporting necessary repairs or replacement of assigned PPE. 20IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 7.5 Training All employees will be trained on the hazards of their jobs and the required PPE, either as part of their new employee orientation, or by their supervisor during pre job hazard assessments, safety meetings, toolbox talks, and periodic discussions. This training includes: A. The hazards of their specific job and the PPE that must be used B. Proper use, care and maintenance of the PPE assigned to them C. Procedures to replace lost, stolen, or damaged PPE D. Enforcement of the PPE policy 7.6 Recordkeeping Supervisors are responsible for maintaining hazard assessment and PPE inventory records. 7.7 Enforcement CCUA will make every effort to reinforce the use of personal protective equipment on the job through employee education and positive reinforcement. However, it is the supervisor's duty to use disciplinary action when necessary to enforce CCUA's PPE policy. If a supervisor determines disciplinary action is warranted, CCUA's Progressive Discipline Policy will be followed. 7.8 Eyes and Face Protection A. Employees are provided the following types of eyes and face protection: a. Safety glasses with side shields b. Goggles c. Face shields (shaded and standard) B. Employees are required to wear eye protection when the following obvious eye hazards are present: a. Dusts,powders, fumes, and mists that could get in the eyes b. Flying objects and particles c. Glare d. Splashing or corrosive chemicals e. UV Rays (Welding, Cutting, Brazing) f. Mechanical irritants Safety glasses must be equipped with side protection and are required to protect against flying objects and particles. Employees who wear prescription eyewear must wear appropriate safety glasses with side shields. Safety glasses that fit over eyeglasses are provided by CCUA. Safety goggles are required when working with corrosive chemicals or during processes where splashing of chemicals is a concern. A face shield is required to be worn when using a grinder (portable or stationary). Eye and face protection of the proper shade is required during welding, cutting and brazing operations to protect against harmful UV rays. 7.9 Welding PPE A. For electric arc welding, a welder's helmet with proper filter lenses is to be worn. During gas welding or cutting operations, welder's goggles with proper filter lenses should be worn. B. Portable welding screens are to be used to protect the eyes of others in the vicinity whenever potential exposure to others exists. 21 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL C. Helpers and observers are to wear safety glasses, goggles, or handheld shields with the proper filter lenses. D. Full face shields shall be worn over safety glasses or chemical goggles for grinding and chipping and any other designated assignment. Face shields and helmets are not in themselves protective eyewear, rather they are used in conjunction with eye protection. Full face shields are often used when a chemical, heat, or glare exposure exists. Helmets are worn when welding or working with molten materials. 7.10 Hard Hats Hard hats are to be worn in work areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling or flying objects. When near exposed electrical conductors that could come in contact with the head, metal hard hats shall not be worn. Affected employees shall wear protective helmets designed to reduce electrical shock hazards. Hard hats are to be worn in designated areas where hard hat signs are posted. • Replace the hard hat and/or suspension if it becomes worn, damaged (e.g., scratches, gouges, has sustained a severe blow, cracked, webbing stretched, or becomes discolored) or fails the inspection test. • Test the hardhat by compressing the hardhat 1 inch from the sides. It should quickly spring back in shape. • Adjust sweat bands and suspension straps to obtain the maximum protection. • Sunlight and heat can rot the sweatband and straps, so don't leave the hard hat on the window ledge of a vehicle. 7.11 Reflective Protective Clothing CCUA employees are required to wear Class 2 orange or lime green reflectorized vests, apparel, or jackets when working in a roadway, areas which are in immediate vicinity of traffic, or in construction areas identified by supervisors as being danger areas. CCUA supplies this PPE. 7.12 Hand Protection Approved work gloves can be useful in preventing cuts, bruises and abrasions resulting from handling rough materials or sharp objects. Be mindful of wearing gloves at the wrong time and in the wrong place. This would involve jobs were gloves may be caught by moving parts or machinery. Employees will select the required appropriate hand protection when employee's hands are exposed to hazards. Follow these basic safety rules to keep hands and fingers strong, healthy, and free from injury: • Wear work gloves when handling items that are heavy, abrasive, or have sharp points or edges. • Do not use substitutes like bolts or wrenches for hammering. Use a hammer when a hammer is needed. • Do not operate tools and machines with missing guards. • Do not try to repair, adjust, or clear moving machinery parts. Shut down machinery first. • Use tag lines to control heavy loads when they are hoisted into place. • Be aware of pinch points on gears, chain, and belt drives, rigging, concrete chutes and keep hands and fingers clear of them. 22IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 7.13 Hearing Protection Hearing protection devices are available to employees. Hearing protection must be worn when the employee is working in an area above 85 dBA. The following is a list of volumes and levels of various sources and how they can affect hearing: Environmental Noise Noise Sound Level Weakest sound heard 0dB Whisper Quiet Library at 6' 30dB Normal conversation at 3' 60-65dB Telephone dial tone 80dB CCUA Traffic(inside car) 85dB Train whistle at 500',Truck Traffic 90dB Jackhammer at 50' 95dB Subway train at 200' 95dB Level at which sustained exposure may result in hearing loss 90—95dB Hand Drill 98dB Power mower at 3' 107dB Snowmobile,Motorcycle 100dB Power saw at 3' 110dB Sandblasting,Loud Rock Concert 115dB Pain begins 125dB Pneumatic riveter at 4' 125dB Even short-term exposure can cause permanent damage—Loudest recommended 140dB exposure WITH hearing protection Jet engine at 100' 140dB 12 Gauge Shotgun Blast 165dB Death of hearing tissue 180dB Loudest sound possible I 194dB OSHA Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure Hours Per Day Sound Level 8 90dB 6 92dB 4 95dB 3 97dB 2 100dB 1.5 102dB 1 105dB 0.5 110dB 0.25 or less I 115dB 23IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL If you need to raise your voice to speak to someone three feet away, noise levels might be over 85 decibels. Several sound-measuring instruments are available to measure the noise levels in a workspace. These include sound level meters, noise dosimeters, and octave band analyzers. Two types of hearing protection devices are available: • Earmuffs: Seals the entire outer ear and may be used in conjunction with ear plugs • Ear Plugs: Pre-formed, user-friendly Each type of device provides a different degree of protection. Employees must be trained in proper use of each hearing device to obtain the maximum protection. 7.14 Foot Protection Affected employees shall wear proper protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries due to falling and rolling objects, objects that may pierce the soles of the shoe, or where such employees are exposed to electrical, chemical, slip and fall, or other hazardous work environments. Shoes and boots that are waterproof and/or reinforced with steel toes or soles can help prevent foot injuries from the impact of falling objects, stepping on sharp objects, electrical hazards, or exposure to blades of power tools. A leather-type shoe shall be worn in areas where employees are at risk of slip and fall. Exceptions can be made by Department Heads for those employees whose duties would require other types of footwear(i.e., recreation leaders, meter readers, office personnel). In compliance with CCUA's Safety Footwear Policy, CCUA provides employees and temporary employees who are exposed to potential foot hazards a $150 voucher annually to be used with authorized vendors toward the employee's purchase of approved safety footwear. Affected employees and temporary employees who are exposed to potential foot hazards and provided a voucher must wear proper safety footwear necessary for the employee's work and working environment at all times. 7.15 Fall Protection In jobs involving potential fall hazards, appropriate lifelines, body harnesses and lanyards must be used. Always inspect fall arrest systems carefully before each use. Check for signs of deterioration such as torn fibers. Lanyards shall be short enough to allow a fall of less than six feet and have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. Lanyards shall be firmly secured above the working surface. Employees working near excavations, pits, wells, shafts and holes six feet deep or more shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems, fences, barricades, or covers. 7.16 PPE - Employee Responsibility Employees are required to purchase ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items, used solely for protection from weather, such as winter coats, jackets, gloves, parkas, rubber boots, hats, raincoats, ordinary sunglasses, and sunscreen. When an employee provides adequate, acceptable PPE he or she owns, CCUA may allow the employee to use it, and is not required to reimburse the employee for that equipment. 24IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 8 - EMERGENCY EYEWASH & SHOWER STATIONS When working with corrosive, irritating, toxic, or tissue-damaging materials in the workplace, it is important to have an emergency eyewash station immediately available. • Emergency eyewash stations can be plumbed into the wall or provided as stand-alone stations with eyewash solution tanks or bottles. • All eyewash stations should be reachable within 10 seconds from the areas where a splash or eye contamination is likely to occur. • Pathways to eyewash stations should be free of barriers such as locked or latched doors (swinging doors are allowed), equipment, material storage, or poor housekeeping. • Plumbed eyewash stations need clean bowls, dust covers for the nozzles, and good water pressure. Check eyewash bottles and tanks for expired solutions according to the manufacturer's instructions. • All eyewash stations should be protected from freezing and provide room temperature to lukewarm flushing fluids. • Activating handles should start the flow of fluids immediately. • Fluids should flow for at least 15 minutes, or, in the case of eyewash bottles, long enough to reach a plumbed eyewash station. • Department Heads are responsible to ensure all emergency eyewashes are properly placed and operating. 25IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 9 — FIRST AID & MEDICAL TREATMENT 9.1 General Approach and Instructions Medical emergencies can happen at any time. If the use of first aid does not correct or resolve the injury, or if emergency medical treatment is needed, immediately call 911 or instruct another person to call to request emergency medical assistance. First Aid kits must be available in every CCUA facility and vehicle. Superficial injuries, such as minor cuts, bruises, small punctures, scratches, etc., may be treated in the field or office when a first aid kit is available and the injured person chooses to apply his or her own first aid. Use of a first aid kit is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment. Wash your hands and use personal protective equipment such as gloves to prevent exposure to blood or body fluid. If a person sustains an injury or is involved in an incident requiring minor first aid treatment: 1. Check the scene for safety concerns. 2. Approach the person and obtain consent(if possible). 3. Assess the person's level of emergency(if life threatening or not). 4. Ask about the person's health and what is wrong. 5. Check for signs of illness or injury. 6. Follow S.A.M. protocol: • S— Signs and Symptoms—What do you feel?What is going on? • A—Allergies—Do you have any allergies? • M — Medication/Medical Conditions — Do you have any medical conditions or take any medication? 7. Call 911 if the person's level of emergency is life threatening. 8. Obtain a first aid kit, automated external defibrillator(AED), and/or bleeding control kit. 9. Administer first aid care to your level of training. 10. Ask if the person needs any medication. 11. If assisting with medication administration, verify with the person that it's the correct medication and assist with getting the medication ready, then give the medication to the person to self-administer. 12. If the person is a CCUA employee, inform the employee's supervisor. 13. Complete an Incident Report Form and provide details. If a first aid kit is used, indicate usage on the Incident Report. 26 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 9.2 Sudden Illnesses & Medical Emergencies 9.2.1 Inability to Breath The inability to breath and maintain proper levels of oxygen (normal range is 12-20 breaths per minute). What They Feel What You See Troubled or inability to inhale Bluish skin color Chest tightness Hands to the neck Dizziness Intent of coughing Fainting Sweating Anxiety, fear Slow breathing Shallow/fast breathing Wheezing when exhaling No noise, high pitch noise Inability to say more than five words Swelling of the face, neck or throat Choking—Abdominal thrusts (5 back slaps and 5 abdominal thrusts (Red Cross) Asthma Attacks—Inhaler Allergic Reactions—Anaphylaxis—EpiPen Be calm. Call 911 for any anaphylaxis reaction, choking, where victim becomes unresponsive, or asthma condition that doesn't improve 5 minutes after using the inhaler. Be ready to provide CPR. 9.2.2 Heart Attack The heart muscle is not getting blood due to a blocked artery, or the heart is beating under strain and duress. What They Feel What You See Chest pressure, feeling of fullness Cold sweating squeezing, tightness Shallow/labored breathing Pain in the arms, lower back, neck Restless jaw and abdomen Shortness of breath Nausea Fatigue Light head or sudden dizziness Women: Nausea or vomiting, jaw, neck, upper back pain, pain or pressure on lower chest or upper abdomen, shortness of breath, fainting, indigestion, extreme fatigue Men: Nausea or vomiting,jaw, neck or back pain, squeezing chest pressure or pain, shortness of breath Be calm. Call 911 ASAP. Give or ask to chew one adult or two children dose aspirin - ONLY if they are not allergic to aspirin, severe bleeding, or having a stroke. Be ready to provide CPR. 27IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY 9.2.3 Cardiac Arrest HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Heart stopped beating properly(fibrillation) or stopped beating completely(flat line). What They Feel What You See Chest discomfort Sudden collapse Shortness of breath Loss of consciousness Light head or sudden dizziness No breathing Fast beating, fluttering or pounding heart No pulse (palpitations) Be calm. Call 911 ASAP. Ask for an AED and be ready to use it as soon as it arrives. Start CPR by doing compressions IMMEDIATELY. 9.2.4 Stroke IBlood flow to the brain is blocked or blood leaked in the brain. What They Feel What You See Sudden severe headache Slacked face Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, Impaired mobility of arms, legs or body arms or legs Disoriented or trouble understanding Confusion Trouble speaking Trouble seeing Dizziness F.A.S.T. Face—Ask the person to smile Arms—Ask the person to raise both arms Speech—Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase Time—If any of these symptoms are present, Call 911 Be calm. Call 911 ASAP. Note time of stroke. Be ready to provide CPR. 9.2.5 Diabetes The person's body is unable to produce insulin and self-regulate the amount of sugar in the body (too little or too much sugar — not eating enough for the level activity — too much or too little insulin). Not Enough Sugar(Hypoglycemia) Early Stages What They Feel What You See Shakiness, irritable Sweaty Hungry, dizziness Unable to do normal tasks, disoriented Confused, inability to concentrate Nervousness, anxiety Fast heartbeat Headache 28 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Late Stages of Hypoglycemia What They Feel What You See Blurry or double vision Clumsiness or jerky movement Drowsiness Inability to eat or drink Confusion Difficulty speaking or slurred speech Muscle weakness Convulsion or seizures Loss of consciousness Too Much Sugar(Hyperglycemia) Early Stages What They Feel What You See Extreme thirst Frequent urination Blurred vision Fatigue Headache Late Stages of Hyperglycemia What They Feel What You See Weakness Fruity, alcohol smelling breath Confusion Unable to do normal tasks, disoriented Abdominal pain Vomiting Nausea Loss of consciousness Dry mouth Shortness of breath Be calm. Call 911 ASAP. If you suspect hypoglycemia, provide 20 g of glucose, 7 oz orange juice, 14 oz milk, 10-20 jellybeans, 2 strips of fruit rolls. For hyperglycemia, evacuate. 9.2.6 Seizures Abnormal brain electrical activity. Possible causes are medical condition, head injury, low blood sugar, heat-related injury, and poison. What They Feel What You See Temporary confusion Lost in space/staring spell Cognitive or emotional symptoms, such as Repetitive movements Fear anxiety or deja vu Difficulty speaking Sudden change of emotions, angry, sad, happy Uncontrollable jerking movements of the Fainting arms and legs Sudden stiffening of muscles Collapse, Loss of consciousness The most common, well know seizures are tonic-clonic seizures and grand mal seizures. Symptoms include abrupt loss of consciousness, body stiffening, muscle shaking, and sometimes loss of bladder control. • Note the time the seizure starts. • Allow the person to go through the seizure. • Make sure they don't hurt or injure themselves. • DON'T put anything in their mouth. • Be ready to do CPR if they stop breathing. 29IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Call 911 ASAP if it is the FIRST time the person has suffered a seizure, the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, the person has several episodes in a short period of time, the seizure is the result of any other injury or medical condition (i.e., diabetes, heat exhaustion, brain trauma), the person is pregnant, or the person's breathing or consciousness doesn't return after the seizure stops. 9.2.7 Shock The body is not able to maintain proper blood pressure and cannot maintain proper levels of oxygenation. • Problems with blood volume — Severe bleeding (internal or external) or dehydration (due to heat, stomach problems, burns) • Problems with circulatory system: pump—Heart attack or sudden cardiac arrest/blood vessels - Severe allergic reactions • Problems with nervous systems (neurogenic shock) — Damage to the spinal cord prevents proper regulatory functions of the body What They Feel What You See Feeling of impending doom Cold, pale clammy skin Restless Shallow breathing Confused, faint, dizzy Rapid, weak pulse Nausea Agitated Thirsty Call 911 ASAP. Be ready to do CPR. Have them lie on their back with their feet elevated if possible. Keep them warm and comfortable. Administer proper first aid if possible. Apply direct pressure to stop bleeding if necessary. 9.3 Injury Emergencies 9.3.1 Minor Injury with Bleeding (Cuts, lacerations, abrasions or small punctures) 1. Rinse the wound thoroughly with water to clean out dirt and debris. 2. Wash the wound with a mild soap and rinse well. (For minor wounds, you don't need to use an antiseptic solution to prevent infection, and some can cause allergic skin reactions.) 3. Cover the wound with a sterile adhesive bandage or sterile gauze and adhesive tape. 4. If the bandage gets wet, remove it and apply a new one. After the wound forms a scab, a bandage isn't needed. 5. Check the wound daily. 6. Consult a physician if the wound is red, swollen, tender, warm, or has drainage. 9.3.2 Significant Injury with Visible, Severe Bleeding (i.e., large, deep or severe wounds) • Stop the bleeding by pressing directly on the wound, using a bandage or cloth if possible. • Pay attention to the volume and flow of blood. Volume is how much blood is pooling around the injury. If the volume is 6 oz. (half the amount of a soda can) or more, it is considered life threatening. Flow is the blood flowing continuously or spurting out. If the volume and flow 30IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL of blood indicate that the injury is life threatening, it is imperative that the blood flow be stopped ASAP. • Direct Pressure — Wearing gloves, apply a dressing or gauze over the wound and apply pressure using both palms of the hands, a knee, or a foot against the injured body part. Hold pressure until the bleeding stops. If blood soaks the dressing, apply a second one on top of the bloody one. If the second one gets soaked as well, remove it and apply a new one. DO NOT remove the original/first dressing applied. DO NOT stack more than two dressings as this weakens the amount of pressure applied to the wound. • Digital Pressure — If the bleeding cannot be controlled by applying direct pressure (possible arterial bleeding), with a gloved finger, pinch or compress the bleeding artery. Digital pressure increases pressure by 25%. • Packing — If the wound is big or deep (knife or gunshot wound), pack the wound with hemostatic dressing and press hard until the dressing adheres to the wound (approx. 3 minutes). If no hemostatic dressing is available, pack the wound with plain gauze or a clean cloth. • Tourniquet— If direct pressure or digital pressure is not effective because the injury severed a major artery (i.e., femoral or brachial artery), a tourniquet may be used as a last resort (life over limb). 9.3.3 Broken Bones Broken bones require medical attention. Do not move the person unless it is necessary. If the person must be moved, "splint" the injured area above and below the break. Splints can be as simple as using a board, cardboard or rolled newspaper if an actual splint us unavailable. If the broken bone is the result of major trauma or injury, in the following situations, call 911: • Gentle pressure or movement causes pain. • The limb or joint appears deformed. • The bone has pierced the skin. • The extremity of the injured arm or leg, such as a toe or finger, is numb or bluish at the tip. Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve pain. Don't apply ice directly to the skin. Wrap the ice in a towel,piece of cloth or some other material. Treat the person for shock— If the person feels faint or is breathing in short, rapid breaths, lay the person down with the head slightly lower than the trunk and, if possible, elevate the legs. Call 911 ASAP. 9.3.4 Internal Bleeding Closed wounds from blunt trauma to the chest or abdomen, or gun or knife wounds. 1. Monitor for pain, tenderness, distending and shortness of breath, coughing or vomiting blood, and signs of Shock. 2. Have the person lie down and be still. Call 911 ASAP. 31 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Average Person's Blood Volume Child: 0.7 gallons/11 cups Adult: 1.2 - 1.5 gallons/20 to 24 cups Effects of Blood Loss Up to 14% of blood supply— Slight lightheaded or dizziness 15 to 30% of blood supply — Nausea, anxious or uneasy, pale and coldness in extremities, higher heart and respiratory rates 30 to 40% of blood supply—Higher heart rate, shallow rapid breathing, confusion and/or disorientation 40% or more of blood supply — Drop in blood pressure, unconsciousness, coma, organ failure, heart stops Hypovolemic Shock Around 20% or more of blood loss — Fast and weak heartbeat, rapid and shallow breathing, weakness or fatigue, confusion, cool/pale skin, sweaty/moist skin, anxiety or unease, low urine output, drowsiness, thirsty, unconsciousness 9.3.5 Burns (Heat, Thermal, Electrical or Chemical) Make sure that the agent causing burn is out (fire), off (thermal, electrical) or removed (chemical) before attempting to take any action. • Small and Superficial Burns — Cool it immediately with cold running water. Run water until the burn does not hurt. Cover it with dry, non-stick sterile or clean dressing. • Large and Deep Burns — Cool the burn, if possible, with cold running water. Cover burns with moist dressing and a waterproof bandage to prevent evaporation. Monitor for shock, dehydration and hypothermia. • Chemical Burns—Flush the exposed area with cold water immediately for 15-20 minutes. Call 911. Any burn 3 inches in diameter(average size of an adult palm) needs to be seen by a professional. Any burns to the face, neck, upper torso (breathing might be compromised) need to be evacuated. Any burn 15 inches in diameter or the equivalent (i.e., 5 burns 3 inches in diameter each) in any part of the body needs to be evacuated. Any inhalation burns need to be evacuated. Any burns caused by electricity, chemicals, radiation or an explosion need to be evacuated. Evacuate elderly people who are burned. 32IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 9.3.6 Head, Neck, and Spine Injuries Assess the mechanism of injury (MOI), i.e., a fall from more than twice the person's height, hit to the head, hit to the back, diving injury, electrical injury, car crash, motorbike or bicycle accident without a helmet or cracked helmet, ect. If the victim appears to have a neck or spine injury or has no ability to move arms or legs, do not attempt to move the victim unless it is necessary. • Concussion/Head Injury If a concussion or head injury is suspected, maintain the person immobilized and Call 911 if the person is: Unconscious or has lost consciousness at Having difficulty breathing any time. More than 30 sec. Having difficulty seeing, pupil dilated Complaining of a headache/pressure in Having difficulty with balance the head Having difficulty walking or weakness in Acts sleepy or confused, delayed response any part of the body Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy Fluid coming from the nose or ears Vomiting Has a seizure Slurred speech Long term signs and symptoms of a concussion or head injury Concentration and memory complain Sleep disturbances Irritability and other personality changes Psychological problems and depression Sensitivity to light and noise Disorder of taste and smell • Spine Injury If a spinal injury is suspected, maintain the person immobilized and Call 911 if the person is: All of the above Loss or altered sensation, including the An oddly positioned or twisted neck or back ability to feel heat, cold and touch Has tingling, weakness, numbness, or Loss of bowel or bladder control paralysis in the extremities Has pain, tenderness, swelling, or discoloration in the neck or the back • Eye Injury Treat all eye injuries as potential emergencies. Some serious eye injuries, such puncture or strike wounds from accidents, could require immediate treatment or surgery to prevent permanent eye damage resulting in vision loss. Minor surface scratches or ailments may simply require a visit to the eye doctor to avoid infection or complications from the injury. • Small Scratches or Particles in the Eyes • Do not rub your eyes. • Use the corner of a soft, clean cloth to draw particles out or hold the eyelids open and flush the particles from the eyes continuously with barely warm tap water. • Large or Stuck Particles • If a particle is stuck in the eye, do not attempt to remove it. 33IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Cover both eyes with a bandage and see medical care. • Chemicals • Immediately irrigate the eyes under the eyelids with barely warm tap water for 30 minutes. • Eye Injury from Strike • Treat using an ice pack • Call an eye doctor, emergency room or urgent care center for further care instructions. 9.4 Environmental Emergencies 9.4.1 Heat Many employees work in hot environments or conditions. Working in hot conditions may pose many safety and health hazards to the employees. When a person exercises or works strenuously, are continuously exposed to, or otherwise overexert in hot, humid weather, the body is less able to cool itself efficiently. This section addresses ways to minimize and control these hazards. Four environmental factors affect the amount of stress an employee experiences in a hot environment: temperature, humidity, air velocity and radiant heat. Examples of radiant heat include direct heat from the sun. Job-related factors that affect heat stress include work rate and physical effort required, type of clothing and protective equipment used and duration of activity. All these factors need to be evaluated to minimize their impact on the employee. Personal characteristics such as age, weight, physical fitness, and acclimatization to the heat also need to be factored in to determine those people and areas at high risk. The body regulates high temperatures by two primary mechanisms: blood flow and sweating. Blood is circulated to the skin, increasing the skin temperature, and allowing the body to give off the excess heat through the skin. Sweating occurs when the body senses the heat loss due to increased blood circulation is not enough to cool the body. Evaporation of the sweat cools the skin and eliminates large quantities of heat from the body. If the body is unable to release excess heat, it will store it. When this happens, the body's core temperature rises, and the heart rate increases. If the body continues to store heat, the person may begin to have difficulty concentrating, may become irritable and lose the desire to drink. The next stage is often fainting which would signal a medical emergency Where possible employees should wear light colored, loose (unless working around equipment with moving parts) clothing, shading types of hats and apply sunscreen. Also, employees should drink plenty of water. In hot environments, the body requires more water than it takes to satisfy thirst. Drink BEFORE becoming thirsty. Sports drinks are not necessary, plain water works well. Always monitor signs and symptoms of heat stressed employees. Discontinue any activity for a person when: A. Sustained heart rate greater than 160 beats per minute for those under 35 and 140 for those 35 and over B. There are complaints of sudden and severe fatigue, nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting C. There are periods of inexplicable irritability, malaise or flu-like symptoms D. Sweating stops and the skin becomes hot and dry 34IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Apparent Temperature, Heat Stress Index (HSI)* [HEAT INDEX CHART) RELATIVE HUMIDITY 10 %. 20°n 30%i 40° . i •° , • 8° , s° . : s° . on. 104° 98 104 110 _ 120 ' i a >130 102° 97 101 108 117 125 130 1 >130 >130 >130._ 100° 95 99 , 105 110 120 ' �:`t3Q _>130 . >130 98° 93 97 101 i 106 . 110 125 R _ 130 ?in_ 96_0 , 91_ 95 98 , 104 108 120 128 `' 30_ >130 U- 94° ......_...99_, 1 93 95 100 105 111 122 128 1.30 l 92° 87 , 90 92 , 96 100 106 . 115 122 1n D 90* 85 _ $8 90 92 96 100 _ 106 114 122 88° 82 86 87 �r_89 93 _ 95 100 106 115 a 86., : I 85 87 • 1 92 96 100 � - 84 ° 78 81 83 85 - • - 'i' 91 95 99 lW— __82 a 77 79 80 81 84 86 •" ` 91 • 80 ° 75 77 78 79 81 83 85 ` - - 89 78° 72 75 , 77 78 79 80 81 83 85 76° 70 72 75 76 77 77 77 78 79 to 74o 68 70 73 74 75 75 I 75 76 77 Diiectiuns: Locate the current temperature on the left column and then locate the relative humidity on the top row. l-ollowthe temperature across and the humidity down until they meet:this measurement is the heat index. The heat index will increase 15 degrees in direct sunlight. xtreme Dan.er: Heat Stroke likel to occur when workin• under these conditions. Danger: Heat Exhaustion or Heat Cramps likely. Heat Stroke may occur upon prolonged exertion Extreme Caution: Heat Cramps or Heat Exhaustion likely to occur. Caution: Heat Fatigue may occur. Normal summer working conditions shou_pbserved. *Apparent temperature, Heat Stress Index: A measure of how hot it really feels in degrees Fahrenheit when relative humidity is factored with the actual air temperature. This chart has been adapted from the National Weather Service's "heat index" and an adjustment has been made with the apparent temperature categories to match more closely working in full sunshine. This guideline should be followed for employees not wearing protective clothing. 35IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Head Mouth • headache • intense thirst • dizziness • dry mouth • irntability • loss of coordination Heart • confusion rapid heartbeat • delirium • anxiety r'��a_ • reduc• eard loodfl heartbeat fi.1D^.11` • reduced btoodflow to the heart • loss of consciousness • heart attack • seizures • stroke • COn1a Lungs ''�71:t • increased breathing rate wosened allergies and astnma Liver worsenedchronic obstructive • bust mlury pulmonary disease Kidneys Arms and Legs • kidney disease • neat cramps • kidney failure • muscle spasms • weakness Skin • flushed and clammy stun General Physiology and Unique Circumstances • profuse sweating • heat rash General Pregnant People • dehydration • vonuGng • fetal nutrition • electrolyte drop in deficits imbalance blood pressure • Dreterm delivery • fatigue • fever and birth • nausea • stillbirth Control of Heat Stress on the Body: A. Engineering Controls: Heat may be controlled through general ventilation and spot cooling by local exhaust ventilation at the point of high heat production. Shielding may be needed for protection against radiant heat sources. Shaded areas can be created by using tarps or canopies or equipping tractors with canopies or cabs. B. Weather Conditions: Check weather conditions frequently during the day and adjust the workload and schedule when possible. Also, schedule heavy work for the cooler hours of the day and postpone non-essential tasks when possible. C. Work/Rest Cycles: When possible, alter heavy and minimal work activities. Allow employees sufficient breaks in a cool area to avoid heat strain and promote recovery. D. Personal Protective Equipment: During work in hot environments, employees should use the light weight or breathable protective garments that give adequate protection. This may include the wearing of shorts if this does not create a hazard for the legs. E. Fluid Intake: Employees should drink about 8 oz of liquids every 20 minutes. The ideal temperature for liquids should be 50-60° F. 36IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Heat Cramps — Heat cramps usually affect workers who sweat a lot during strenuous activity. This sweating depletes the body's salt and moisture levels. Low salt levels in muscles cause painful cramps. Heat cramps may also be a symptom of heat exhaustion. What They Feel What You See Thirst Heavy Sweating Fatigue Muscle spasms Muscle pain, or cramps usually In the abdomen, arms or legs Calm, rest for a few hours after the cramps subside, drinking fluids or sport drinks, get into cooler temperatures (AC or shade). • Heat Exhaustion—Prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperatures. What They Feel What You See Muscle cramps Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when Nausea in heat Headache Heavy sweating Dizziness Fainting Fatigue Weak, rapid pulse Low blood pressure upon standing Calm, rest, drinking fluids or sport drinks, make the person lie down in a cooler place (AC or shade) with feet raised and loosen their clothing. Call 911 if signs or symptoms worsen, are unable to drink, becomes confused, agitated, or loses consciousness. • Heat Stroke — The exposure or physical exertion has overwhelmed the body ability to regulate its temperature. What They Feel What You See Confusion Skin hot and dry to the touch or slightly Agitation moist Irritability High body temperature (104 F or higher) Delirium Slurred speech Nausea Vomiting Headache Flushed skin Rapid and shallow breathing Racing heart rate Seizures Loss of consciousness Call 911. Cool the person with whatever means available. Put in a cool tub of water, on a cool shower, spray with a garden hose, sponge with cool water, fan while misting with cool water, or place icepacks or cold wet towels on the person's head, neck, armpits, and groin. 37IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY 9.4.2 Cold HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL When a person's body loses heat faster than it can produce heat - caused by exposure to cold weather or immersion in cold water or prolonged contact with cold surfaces. What They Feel What You See Cold Shivering Clumsiness or lack of coordination Slurred speech or mumbling Drowsiness or very low energy Fumbling Confusion or memory loss Slow/shallow breathing Weak pulse Cold, pale skin Loss of consciousness If the person is showing Initial signs of hypothermia, get them into warmer temperatures (Shelter, heat), provide warm liquids to drink, remove and change clothes If wet, cover them with blankets. Call 911 if symptoms do not improve or if the person is showing advance signs of distress. Be careful when moving an unresponsive hypothermic victim as it might cause irregular heartbeats. 9.4.3 Poison If a person's body gets exposed to poisonous substances, the person might suffer severe injuries, illness or even death. What They Feel What You See Abdominal pain Burns or redness around the mouth and lips Nausea, vomiting Breath that smells like chemicals, such as Diarrhea gasoline or paint thinner Trouble breathing Abnormal skin color Fast or slow heart rate Fast or slow/shallow breathing Dizziness, weakness Slurred speech or mumbling Headache Weak pulse Seizures Loss of consciousness Call 911. Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 in the United States or your regional poison control center in the following situation: The person is stable and has no symptoms or the person is going to be transported to the local emergency department Be ready to describe the person's symptoms, age, weight, other medications he or she is taking, and any information you have about the poison. Try to determine the amount ingested and how long since the person was exposed to it. If possible, have on hand the pill bottle, medication package or other suspect container so you can refer to its label when speaking with the poison control center. Take the following actions until help arrives: 38 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Swallowed Poison — Remove anything remaining in the person's mouth. If the suspected poison is a household cleaner or other chemical, read the container's label and follow instructions for accidental poisoning. • Poison on the Skin—Remove any contaminated clothing using gloves. Rinse the skin for 15 to 20 minutes in a shower or with a hose. • Poison in the Eye—Gently flush the eye with cool or lukewarm water for 20 minutes or until help arrives. • Inhaled Poison — Get the person into fresh air as soon as possible. If the person vomits, turn his or her head to the side to prevent choking. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as moving, breathing or coughing. 9.5 Employee Medical Treatment If an employee or another person sustains an injury requiring emergency treatment or medical care: 1. Call 911 and render aid if possible. 2. Seek assistance from a co-worker if necessary. 3. Notify the Risk & Safety Manager who will direct the employee to an approved medical facility within the insurance carrier's network. 4. Proceed to the approved medical facility. 5. Provide details for the completion of the Incident Report. 39IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 10 — BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms that are present in human blood and are capable of producing diseases in humans. Potential exposures to these diseases can create health risks for employees. In circumstances where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between bodily fluid types, we assume all bodily fluids to be potentially infectious. Each department that has employees who have occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials shall develop written procedures and guidelines for the control of bloodborne pathogens. 10.1 Procedures A. All employees shall observe Universal Precautions to prevent contact with blood or any other potentially infectious materials. B. Employees will wash their hands and/or exposed areas with non-abrasive soap and running water as soon as possible after a potential exposure. C. Use or wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment at all times when the potential for exposure exists. D. Be familiar with warning labels, signs and color-coding that may indicate bio-hazardous wastes. E. Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics/lip balm, or handle contact lenses where blood or other potentially infectious materials are kept. F. Wear appropriate protective gloves or use mechanical aids in handling sharp objects. Dispose of needles and sharp objects only in special containers. G. Dispose of other contaminated materials in accordance with applicable federal and state regulations. H. Do not wash or decontaminate disposable gloves for reuse. I. Clean and decontaminate all equipment and work surfaces that have been contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials. 10.2 Reporting Exposures Employees should immediately report any occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material to their supervisor or the Risk& Safety Manager. 10.3 Vaccination All employees who have an occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens are offered and encouraged to be vaccinated with the appropriate vaccine and booster. Employees who decline the vaccine and booster abide by State and Federal guidelines. 40IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 11 — BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Biological hazards include poisonous plants, vector-borne diseases, and venomous wildlife and insects. Poisonous plants can cause allergic reactions if their oils come in contact with skin. These plants can also be dangerous if burned and their toxins are inhaled. Venomous snakes, spiders, scorpions, and stinging insects can be found throughout various geographic regions and are especially dangerous to workers who have allergies to the animal. 11.1 Poisonous Plants Many native and exotic plants, such as poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac which are native to Florida, are poisonous to humans when ingested or if there is skin contact with plant chemicals. They have a sticky, long-lasting oil called urushiol that causes an itchy, blistering rash (dermatitis) after it touches your skin. Slight contact, like brushing up against the leaves, can transfer the oil to your skin. Allergic reaction can occur directly by touching the plant or indirectly by coming into contact with the oil on animals, tools, clothes, shoes, or other items. Even the smoke from burning plants contains oil particles that can be inhaled and cause lung irritation. Individuals vary in their susceptibility to these plants. Some people are not sensitive but may become sensitive after repeated exposure. Symptoms appear within 8-48 hours and can last for weeks. Itching and burning of the skin may be followed by a rash, redness, swelling, and watery blisters. The rash, which can last 2-5 weeks, will only spread if the oily chemical is spread or touches another person. Systemic complications can occur if the blisters become infected. If you come in contact with the oil from a poisonous plant, over-the-counter skin creams containing the active ingredient bentoquatam absorb the urushiol oil and can prevent or lessen a reaction if applied before contact. If exposed to the urushiol oil in one of these plants, immediately cleanse exposed skin, tools, shoes, or other items with plenty of warm, soapy water and then rinse thoroughly with plain, cool water. Clothes should be washed thoroughly and separately from other laundry. Minor rashes can be cared for at home with over-the-counter treatments that contain zinc acetate, hydrocortisone, or zinc oxide; oatmeal baths; a paste of baking soda; or oral antihistamines. These treatments are not intended to replace professional medical treatment. If necessary, contact your physician or seek emergency medical care. Interaction with these plants is largely preventable. Keep in mind that poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are deciduous, making identification difficult in winter. Nevertheless, the sap from leafless stems and roots is still problematic. Other poison ivy relatives that grow in Florida and may also cause allergic reactions include mango, cashew, and the highly invasive Brazilian pepper-tree. 41 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY 11.1.1 Poison Ivy HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Poison ivy is the most commonly encountered poisonous plant in Florida's natural areas. The plant is typically a hairy, ropelike vine with three shiny green (or red in the fall) leaves budding from one small stem. It may have yellow or green flowers and white to green-yellow or amber berries. Poison ivy grows in shady or sunny locations throughout Florida. It can be a woody shrub up to 6 feet tall or a vine up to 150 feet tall that climbs high on trees, walls, and fences or trails along the ground. All parts of poison ivy, including the hairy-looking aerial roots, contain urushiol at all times of the year, even when bare of leaves and fruit in winter. Plants are frequently abundant along old fence rows and the edges of paths and roadways. Leaf forms are variable among plants and even among leaves on the same plant; however, the leaves always consist of three leaflets. The old saying "Leaflets three, let it be" is a reminder of this consistent leaf characteristic. Leaflets can be 2-6 inches long and may be toothed or have smooth edges. The stem attaching the terminal leaflet is longer than stems attaching the other two. Leaves emerge with a shiny reddish tinge in the spring and turn a dull green as they age, eventually turning shades of red or purple in the fall before dropping. -_,,-. ,i. : _k4 4 1 11111111 III , , \ • \ .4: , - iiii7) "'„.-1, :, , $400( . : .,,,,, ,,, ,-.0 Ir'-'41111\dr41114411/4 ' lit. N:#A :.;' 4' -?4/\\‘\ k %,.. 47,4 _ r - . I . . , . .. .. _ .,,„ . . ." . : il ..' . /. [ ,..,- , 179,.,A . ,.. et it , ., , .. • . ..,.., ,..,,,. .. . . Jib :�. (/ . ,, , ` a, ©2009 WIN Cook ' . � lb ENH886/EP220: Identification of Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac, and Poisonwood (ufl.edu) 42IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY 11.1.2 Poison Oak HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Poison Oak is a low-growing, upright shrub that is about 3 feet tall. It is found in dry, sunny locations and does not tolerate heavy shade. Poison oak is confirmed in north and central Florida, from Levy and Marion Counties northward. Like poison ivy, a single poison oak leaf consists of three leaflets. The stem attaching the terminal leaflet is longer than the stems attaching the other two. One distinguishing feature of poison oak is its lobed leaves, which give it the appearance of an oak leaf. The middle leaflet usually is lobed alike on both margins, and the two lateral leaflets are often irregularly lobed. Leaf size varies considerably, even on the same plant, but leaves are generally about 6 inches long. Another distinguishing feature is that the leaf stems and leaflets have a coating of fine hair. Leaflets emerge with a reddish tinge in the spring, turn green, and then assume varying shades of yellow and red in the fall before dropping. As with poison ivy, the flowers and fruit arise from the leaf axils in clusters. The small flowers are white, and the ripe fruit is round, light tan, waxy, and grooved. mitit .r � J 'i '` ( r 0 1. - - -. row II-,,,k • 1 ._ ..,, ./ Or 4N �f ti✓. " a ._ 4 tl 4' i \ - F A , ,:0 P. 141 t . .x ,...„..._--- . kip*: . -..41.:‘ti.:71.-Jiiii...;. ‘,46..„1„ �^ �-4 . . A / ' e+ .� Poi n • - , ...,.‘.\ ...,..-4,-.....-: ENH886/EP220: Identification of Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac, and Poisonwood (ufl.edu) 43IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY 11.1.3 Poison Sumac HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL More allergenic than poison ivy and poison oak is poison sumac, a deciduous woody shrub or small tree that grows 5-20 feet tall and has a sparse, open form. It inhabits swamps and other wet areas, pine woods, and shady hardwood forests. In Florida, poison sumac has been confirmed in the north and central regions, as far south as Polk County. Poison sumac leaves consist of 7-13 leaflets arranged in pairs with a single leaflet at the end of the midrib. Distinctive features include reddish stems and petioles. Leaflets are elongated, oval, and have smooth margins. They are 2-4 inches long, 1-2 inches wide, and have a smooth, velvety texture. In early spring, the leaves emerge bright orange. Later, they become dark green and glossy on the upper leaf surface and pale green on the underside. In the early fall, leaves turn a brilliant red-orange or russet shade. The small, yellowish-green flowers are borne in clusters on slender stems arising from the leaf axils. Flowers mature into ivory-white to gray fruits resembling those of poison oak or poison ivy, but they are usually less compact and hang in loose clusters of up to 10-12 inches in length. Winged sumac has a similar appearance but is a nonallergenic relative that grows throughout Florida. It can be distinguished from poison sumac most readily by its 9-23 leaflets, clusters of red berries, and the winged rachis between the leaflets. , - 4 v. . L• ,/ iiiiiJ ENH886/EP220: Identification of Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac, and Poisonwood (ufl.edu) 44IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 11.2 Vector-Borne Diseases Vectors, such as mosquitoes, sandflies, lice, fleas and ticks, are living organisms that can transmit infectious pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans. Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by vectors. Many vectors are bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease-producing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and later transmit it through a bite into a new host. Often, once a vector becomes infectious, they are capable of transmitting the pathogen for the rest of their life during each subsequent bite/blood meal. Mosquitoes are known for spreading the Zika virus, Yellow Fever, and Malaria. Ticks are known to spread Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Mosquito- borne diseases found in Florida include West Nile virus disease, Eastern equine encephalitis, and St. Louis encephalitis. Many vector-borne diseases are preventable, through protective measures, Take simple measures to protect yourself and your family. • Ensure your vaccinations are up to date for diseases prevalent in the area. You can get vaccinated for tick-borne encephalitis. • Wear light-colored, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, tucked into long, white socks or boots. • Use insect repellent, as directed on the label, on exposed skin. • Install window screens in your home or workplace to keep mosquitoes outside. • Get rid of stagnant water (for example, in containers, flower pots and used tires) in areas where mosquitoes breed. • Check your body regularly for ticks. Remove ticks from skin with tweezers and apply a skin disinfectant. In tick-infested areas, examine your clothing, luggage and other belongings thoroughly before entering your home. • Avoid contact with blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people or animals. Symptoms will vary depending upon the type of insect that bit you. Common symptoms of insect-borne diseases can include: • Fever • Chills • Headache • Sore muscles • Skin rash • Nausea • Stomach pain More serious symptoms can include: • Difficulty breathing • The feeling that your throat is closing • Swelling of your lips, tongue, or face • Chest pain • A racing heartbeat that lasts more than a few minutes • Dizziness • Vomiting 45IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 11.3 Insects & Wildlife 11.3.1 Insects The main concern after an insect sting or bite is an allergic reaction, which may come on quickly or gradually. Signs of allergic reaction may include itching and swelling beyond the sting or bite site, chest discomfort, difficulty breathing/speaking/swallowing, and feeling faint/nervous. If these problems occur, call 911 or seek medical attention immediately. People with allergies to insects should consult their physician regarding having medications such as Benadryl or an Epi-pen ready before a sting or bite. Venomous insects and other arthropods produce venoms that can be classified as: • Venoms that produce blisters, or vesicating toxins (e.g., blister beetles, certain stinging caterpillars, millipedes). • Venoms that attack the central nervous system, or neurotoxins (e.g., black and brown widow spiders, bark scorpions, certain ticks, Hymenoptera, wheel bugs). • Venoms that destroy tissue, or cytolytic and hemolytic toxins (e.g., Hymenoptera, fire ants, ground scorpions, mites, chiggers, wheel bugs, brown recluse spider). • Venoms that prevent blood from clotting, or hemorrhagic toxins (e.g., lice, fleas, ticks, mites, true bugs, biting flies). ALLERGIC REACTIONS Allergic reactions are classified according to the severity: • Slight general reaction: inflammation, welts, itching, malaise, and anxiety. • General reaction: a slight general reaction, plus two or more of the following symptoms: swelling, wheezing, abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. • Severe general reaction: any of the above, plus two or more of the following: difficulty in breathing, difficulty in swallowing, hoarseness, confusion, or feeling of impending disaster. • Shock reaction: any of the above, plus two or more of the following: cyanosis (blue coloration of skin and lips from lack of oxygen), fall in blood pressure, collapse, unconsciousness, or incontinence. Insect stings result in rapid progression of toxic effects. Death can occur within one hour after the allergic person has been stung by a Hymenopteran (bees, fire ants, wasps, yellow jackets, or hornets). Spider bites, however, have a longer time interval between bites and death, with allergic victims dying more than 12 hours after being bitten. Statistics also reveal that of snakebite fatalities, death occurs one to 12 hours after being bitten, and there also have been a larger number of snake bite fatalities in which death occurs 12 hours to two days after a snake bite. Insect stings require quick, prompt action. 1. If possible, the causative organism must be captured, saved, and identified. 2. If a general allergic reaction is suspected, or the victim has a history of hay fever, allergy, or asthma, a doctor should be contacted immediately. 3. Venom that is hemolytic, hemorrhagic or vesicating can cause marked swelling or discoloration at the sting or bite site. Keep the victim warm and quiet until a physician is reached. 46 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 4. Venom that is neurotoxic can cause little or no swelling or discoloration at the sting or bite site. Apply ice to the site or immerse the affected part of body in ice water until a physician is reached. 5. Persons who have exhibited a severe allergic reaction in the past to arthropod venoms or have a history of asthma, hay fever or allergies should carry an insect sting kit. Several procedures can be used to minimize the danger of being stung by venomous arthropods. • Avoid mowing lawns or working with flowering ornamentals when bees and wasps are collecting nectar. • Don't walk barefooted in the yard. • Sweet items like soft drinks, ripened fruits, and watermelons attract bees and wasps. Keep these items covered outdoors. 11.3.2 Spiders In Florida, the two main types of venomous spiders include widow spiders and recluse spiders. Most species are found under rocks and logs, but they readily adapt to human-altered environments, where they are most commonly found in outbuildings (sheds, barns, privies), water meter holes, nursery cans, and under any item or structure (e.g., barbeque grill, slide, sandbox)that has been undisturbed for a lengthy period. Black Widow • � # Brown Recluse Bites occur most frequently when the spider is trapped against human skin, either when someone reaches under an object where the spider is hiding or when someone puts on clothing, gloves or shoes containing the spider. Bite symptoms are systemic, spreading through the lymphatic system, and usually start about one to three hours after the bite. The most common symptoms are intense pain, rigid abdominal muscles, muscle cramping, malaise, local sweating, nausea, vomiting and hypertension. Be cautious of both black widow spiders and brown recluse spiders if bitten. Both can cause painful bites, which can be deadly in some cases. The brown recluse spider bite can cause severe blistering, blue discoloration, and necrotic lesions with scarring. However, the black widow spider bite can cause severe neurological symptoms especially in children or the elderly. If you think you have been bitten by a black widow or brown recluse spider, seek medical care. If possible, bring the spider to the doctor's office so the physician can identify the spider to help make the proper diagnosis. Home care is for relief of symptoms only after you have been treated 47IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL by a doctor. Clean the wound area thoroughly with soap and water first. Apply ice to decrease pain and swelling and take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain. Elevate the area above the heart if possible. Avoid strenuous activity which can spread the spider venom through the skin. 11.3.3 Snakes DO NOT get too close to a snake, or try to catch or kill it, and NEVER handle a "dead" snake. Remember this: "Red touch yellow, deadly fellow; Red touch black, safe from attack." Even non-venomous snakes, such as watersnakes, will bite, so the best policy for dealing with snakes is to "leave them be" to play their important roles in our ecosystem These tips will help you to quickly answer the question "IS IT VENOMOUS?" Be safe - give it space! Wear appropriate PPE such as snake boots when necessary. If you have to walk in high water, you may feel a bite, but not know that you were bitten by a snake. You may think it is another kind of bite or scratch. Pay attention to the following snake bite signs. Depending on the type of snake, the signs and symptoms may include: • A pair of puncture marks at the wound • Redness and swelling around the bite • Severe pain at the site of the bite • Nausea and vomiting • Labored breathing (in extreme cases,breathing may stop altogether) • Disturbed vision • Increased salivation and sweating • Numbness or tingling around your face and/or limbs What TO DO if You or Someone Else is Bitten by a Snake • If you or someone you know are bitten, try to see and remember the color and shape of the snake, which can help with treatment of the snake bite. • Keep the bitten person still and calm. This can slow down the spread of venom if the snake is venomous. • Seek medical attention as soon as possible. • Dial 911 or call local Emergency Medical Services (EMS). • Apply first aid if you cannot get the person to the hospital right away. o Lay or sit the person down with the bite below the level of the heart. o Tell him/her to stay calm and still. o Wash the wound with warm soapy water immediately. o Cover the bite with a clean, dry dressing. What NOT TO DO if You or Someone Else is Bitten by a Snake • Do not pick up the snake or try to trap it(this may put you or someone else at risk for a bite). • Do not apply a tourniquet. • Do not slash the wound with a knife. • Do not suck out the venom. • Do not apply ice or immerse the wound in water. • Do not drink alcohol as a pain killer. • Do not drink caffeinated beverages. 48 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL There are six venomous snakes in Florida: the dusky pygmy rattlesnake, southern copperhead rattlesnake, eastern diamondback rattlesnake, timber rattlesnake, coral snake, and the cottonmouth (water moccasin). Each one of them, apart from the coral snake, is a type of pit viper. The eastern diamondback rattler has the most lethal bite and is America's most deadly snake. Their venom causes your tissue to die, your blood to stop clotting, and can cause cardiac arrest. The coral snake's venom has a neurotoxin that attacks your nervous system, stopping your lungs and heart from working. 400 ,..F' if; . , .t T = ♦ _ Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake Southern Copperhead Rattlesnake • ! _ ' '• ., - .,ram ` ; to _ r_ t , C` RI, ' �' _ _.� r/` ic y y,. 4 *::: 4'iT'l:::-Nie*:: • .r,.r s Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Timber Rattlesnake • - -. sir- r b • II . AP. - Coral Snake Scarlet King snake (Venomous) (Nonvenomous) 49IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Brown Vilatewalc r..a �-� ♦, `,i4 �1 � ft �1r T-'- t, • .40 b P .- # 5,0 mos.. lipli::14„0„ • —, ,_, - \kt , IIP:4'.106.-N., • e j 0, a•rida Cottonmouth ._ ;`'!` i (Venomous) (Nonvenomous) Water moccasins and watersnakes exhibit different defensive behaviors. Water moccasins rarely climb trees and generally stick to shallow waters, while most watersnakes bask on branches above bodies of water and are found in deep and shallow water. Watersnakes that are resting on branches or rocks above water will flee into the water. Water moccasins will frequently move or rest with their head sticking up into the air. Watersnakes rarely do this behavior. They have been known to fall in passing boats on accident when trying to flee. Water moccasins will try to get away, but they can be slow. Watersnakes are typically more willing to approach you to try to see what you are. Water moccasins will not approach and will do their best to flee. If they are cornered, water moccasins will curl up and display their white mouths. Watersnakes that are cornered may hiss or bite. They are known for being much more aggressive compared to water moccasins. They may approach boats,while a water moccasin will avoid boats. 50IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 12 - SPRAY PAINTING Prior to starting your spray paint project, read the safety tips provided on the label of the paint can and take into consideration these five additional safety tips: 1. Stay out of heat and away from fire. Make sure to keep away from heat, sparks and open flame. Don't smoke. Extinguish all flames, pilot lights and heaters. Turn off stoves, electric tools and appliances, and any other sources of ignition. 2. Keep aerosol away from heat sources. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or heat from radiators, stoves, hot water and other hot items that may cause bursting. Additionally, for best finish, avoid using spray paint in hot, humid weather. 3. Leave the spray paint can whole. Do not puncture, incinerate or burn aerosol cans. Do not discard cans in a trash compactor. But do recycle them when empty. 4. Ventilate. Vapors are harmful; avoid continuous breathing of spray mist by spraying outside whenever possible. When spraying inside, open windows and doors to ensure fresh air entry during application and drying. Wearing respiratory protection is also helpful—most hardware stores sell a variety of painting masks. 5. Keep spray paint on your project, not on you. Avoid contact with your eyes and skin. Wear gloves or wash your hands after using. 6. Take the following precautions when painting lighting and electrical fixtures: Read and follow all lighting/fixture manufacturer stated safety precautions. Ensure corded lamps are unplugged from electricity. Inspect electrical cords for any damage that could come into contact with unwanted paint or overspray. Do NOT paint wiring. Do NOT paint light bulbs. Do NOT paint damaged cords which may have exposed wiring. Do NOT paint parts of fixtures that get excessively hot,unless using a High Heat paint specified for that purpose. 7. Take the following precautions when painting objects in contact with open flame (candle holders, fire pits, etc.) Do NOT paint in the vicinity of an open flame. Do NOT paint any surface that will be in contact with an open flame, especially the insides. Do NOT leave open flames unattended in any situation. If using High Heat paint, read back of product label to ensure expected heat is within the recommended temperature ranges of the paint. 51 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 13 - SAFE LIFTING The back is a network of fragile ligaments, discs, and muscles which can easily be injured and thrown out of order. The back's complex design breaks down when it's forced to perform activities it was not designed to do. Lifting with the back twisted or bent just begs for a pulled muscle or ruptured disc. One sure way to risk injuring the back is to lift heavy or bulky loads improperly or unassisted. Never be afraid to ask for help with loads that you know you cannot lift safely. Lift with care and help from a co- worker or mechanical aid when necessary. • Move in so that both feet are close to the base of the object to be lifted. • Face the object squarely. Bend your knees and squat over the item to be lifted. In this position, the back gets added lifting strength and power from the legs and arms. • Move up close to the item, because the backbone must act as a supporting column, and it takes the least strain close in. • Tilt the item on edge with its long axis straight up so that the center of the weight is as high as possible above the ground. • Still squatting, the feet should be set with legs pointed right at the load, with the back straightened, the employee may then grasp the load with both arms and slowly stand up with it,pushing up with the leg muscles. Lift slowly and safely. 52IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 14 — FIRE PREVENTION & PLAN 14.1 Fire Prevention Fires can be prevented through planning, sensible arrangement of fire or spark-producing activities in relation to combustible materials, good housekeeping, and observance of practical work practice controls (no smoking) when flammable substances are present. Each CCUA facility and building must have a fire plan. The plan should include the following fire safety provisions and guidelines: A. Adequate warning measures must be used for alerting all people in the event of a fire. B. Report fires to the Fire Department by calling 911. C. Inform employees of the evacuation route. D. Train employees how to contain the fire, if safely possible, to the extent to maintain safe exit for affected personnel. E. Train employees in fire prevention and their duties, if any, in a fire situation. F. Ensure all motorized equipment, buildings and facilities have an appropriate fire extinguisher. G. Adequate fire extinguishing equipment is to be prominently displayed, inspected regularly as required by manufacturer, labeled for usage, and kept clear for easy access at all times. a. After using an extinguisher, users must immediately report the use to their supervisor so a replacement may be obtained. b. Do not use water-type extinguishers on electrical fires because of the danger of electrocution and damage to equipment. Water-type extinguishers are intended for use on Class "A" fires only (combustibles such as wood,paper, rags, etc.) c. The Facilities Administrator is responsible to have all fire-extinguishing equipment inspected annually and as required. H. Keep oily rags and other flammable wastes in covered metal containers and remove them from the building as soon as possible. In no case should these items be left unattended in a building overnight. I. Keep cleaning solutions with flammable properties (a flash point below 140 degrees Fahrenheit) in UL Listed or Factory Mutual Approved safety containers having spring-lift caps. Each container must also be labeled as to its contents. Use of gasoline is prohibited for cleaning purposes. J. Use extra care when storing, handling and working around fuel. a. Gasoline used in small quantities in shops for fueling engines being repaired, tested, adjusted, etc. must be handled and dispensed in the smaller (one gallon) approved safety containers, having a spring-lift cap. Containers must be labeled as to contents. b. The fueling of any type of motorized equipment while the engine is running is prohibited. When transferring flammable liquids, make sure the filler nozzle touches the equipment or container to be filled to guard against the build-up of static electrical charge. c. Never overfill a fuel tank or can. Allow room for expansion of the liquid. d. Do not enter dark places without proper light. The use of matches is strictly forbidden. No artificial light, except UL Listed electric flashlights, are to be used near escaping gas or other flammable vapors or when entering an enclosure containing gas. e. All tanks must have FLAMMABLE and NO SMOKING signs attached. f. All tanks must have contents identified on the tank. K. Smoking is prohibited in all public facilities per Florida State Statute. a. A "No Smoking" rule will be enforced in all areas where hazardous substances are stored or used and in all other areas where "No Smoking" signs are posted. L. Exits are not to be locked(chained or otherwise) from the inside. 53IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 14.2 Fire Plan PLAN AHEAD: A. Be familiar with the locations of exists, fire alarm pull locations and fire extinguishers. B. If a fire is observed or suspected, do the following: a. Alert others around you. b. Activate the fire alarm. The fire alarm alerts the Fire Department, who will provide further instructions upon arrival to the building. c. Close, but do not lock doors upon exiting the building. d. Follow the route described on the Fire Evacuation Plan in each office. e. Go to the designated assembly area for your agency. f. Do not re-enter the building until given approval by the Designated Official. DON'T: A. Panic B. Re-enter the building for valuables C. Open hot doors D. Become a spectator E. Congregate at building entrances/exits after evacuation 54IPage • CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY SECTION 15 - TORNADO HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL If a tornado is eminent or a Tornado Warning siren sounds, occupants shall do the following: 1. Stay away from windows and outside walls. Close all drapes and blinds on outside windows. 2. Close all doors to outside offices. 3. Go to the primary shelter area for tornados, such as an interior room, closet or bathroom. 4. If the primary shelter area is not accessible or in close proximity, take shelter immediately in the safest location possible. 5. Employees will be updated with any further information and instructions after the storm passes. DON'T: 1. Attempt to leave the building; occupants are safer in one of the safe areas of the building than in the street or car. 2. Get excited; remain calm and follow instructions provided by emergency officials, a designated officials or supervisors. 55IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 16 - EXPLOSION PLAN If an explosion occurs: 1. Vacate to a safe area. If vacating a building, do not stand in front of windows, glass doors or other potentially hazardous areas. 2. If safely possible, pull the nearest fire alarm while vacating the facility. 3. Do not stop to retrieve personal possessions or make phone calls. 4. When safely possible, call 911 and request emergency assistance. 5. Prohibit persons from entering the area. 6. Follow instructions given by emergency personnel. If employees are unable to evacuate the affected area, employees should: 1. Get under the best available cover (desk or table). 2. Stay low if there is smoke. 3. Get away from glass, open areas or perimeter rooms. 4. Protect head, eyes and torso. 5. If trapped in debris, use a flashlight, a whistle or make noise by tapping on something to signal your location to rescuers. 6. Shout only as a last resort to avoid inhaling dangerous dust, fumes or smoke. 7. Cover your nose and mouth with anything to avoid inhaling dangerous dust, fumes or smoke. 56 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 17 - BOMB THREAT PLAN If a bomb threat is received, do the following: 1. Call or have someone else call 911 and report the emergency. 2. Identify the time threat was received. 3. Ask the following questions (note exact words of person placing call): a. Where is the bomb located? b. When is it set to go off? c. What does it look like? d. What kind of bomb is it? e. Who put it there? f. Why was it put there? 4. Listen for voice characteristics, speech pattern,background noise, age and gender of caller. 5. If a threat is received via mail, hand carry it immediately to your supervisor and attempt to preserve it for fingerprints. 6. Silence all cellular phones and radios. 7. Search the area for anything that looks suspicious or out of place while evacuating the area, and report any information to emergency responders. 8. If evacuation occurs, evacuate to the safest location or designated assembly area. DON'T antagonize the person making the threat or disturb any suspicious packages. 57IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 18 - CIVIL DISORDERS & DEMONSTRATIONS In the event of a civil disorder or demonstration, employees will: 1. Call 911 and report the presence of unauthorized persons at the CCUA facility. 2. Notify your immediate supervisor and the Risk& Safety Manager. 3. Avoid contact with demonstrators and all media representatives. 4. Continue working normally unless advised otherwise by a supervisor or emergency personnel. 5. Keep the lobby and corridors clear. 6. Stay away from windows and doors. • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 58 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 19 - HOSTAGE SITUATION When dealing with hostage incidents in the normal business setting, properly trained and equipped law enforcement agencies must be notified to control the situation. CCUA employees are not trained to handle hostage incidents. but employees will follow emergency control measures until the appropriate authorities arrive (mainly, to assist in keeping the area clear). 1. Call 911 and report the emergency 2. Remain calm 3. Don't antagonize the hostage taker(s) 4. Don't make eye contact 5. Escape if a safe opportunity presents itself 6. Follow directions given by the police and emergency personnel 59IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 20 -VIOLENCE IN THE WORKPLACE CCUA strives to provide a workplace that is free from violence, harassment, intimidation, and other disruptive behavior. Employees will treat all other employees, as well as customers, with dignity and respect. Management will provide a working environment as safe as possible by having preventative measures in place and by immediately dealing with threatening or potentially violent situations. No employee will engage in threats, violent outbursts, intimidation, bullying, harassment, or other abusive or disruptive behaviors. 1. Call 911 and report the emergency. 2. Remain calm. 3. Don't antagonize the employee. 4. Don't make eye contact. 5. Escape if a safe opportunity presents itself 6. Follow directions given by the police and emergency personnel. 60IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 21 - HAZARD AWARENESS 1. Identify potential hazards prior to each task so these hazards can be eliminated or avoided. 2. When working overhead, keep tools and small materials not in use in belts or in an appropriate container. 3. Do not throw, toss or drop tools, material or trash unless the action has been discussed and determined to be the safest method. Tools or material shall not be tossed from one individual to another at any time. 4. Workers should not position themselves where they could be struck by falling, flying and moving objects. Protection against these hazards shall be discussed and mitigated prior to starting work. Communication must be maintained when entering and exiting work areas. 5. Prior to entering or exiting areas such as parking lots, offices, hallways, elevators, restrooms and break rooms, workers should be aware of the movement of others or equipment and take action to avoid injury. 6. Inspect work locations prior to beginning work to identify potential hazards from animal and insect bites and stings. 7. Animal and insect repellents, devices and protective apparel shall be used as necessary. 8. Access job sites safely. Do not jump over fences, hedges, bushes, excavations or other obstacles. If required to climb a fence, maintain a controlled ascent and descent. 9. Horseplay is prohibited. 10. Safety shall not be sacrificed for speed. 11. No guard shall be removed from any machine or piece of equipment except to perform required maintenance. 61 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 22 — ELECTRICITY & ARC FLASH All equipment, with few exceptions, in our wastewater treatment plants, water treatment plants, and sewage pumping stations is powered by and controlled by electrical current. When precautions are not taken, electricity can be a killer. There's no margin for error when working with electricity. Conditions vary, and a mistake can cause injury to yourself or fellow employees. 22.1 Electric Shock Effect Factors • The rate the current flows through your body o This depends on how good your body conducts electricity. If you have dry hands and are standing on a non-conductive surface such as a rubber mat, you may not even feel a shock. If you are perspiring and are standing in water, you could be killed. • The length of time the current flows through your body o The longer the electric contact, the greater the current flow and the greater the shock. • The path the current takes through your body o The most dangerous path is through vital organs. 22.2 Safe Actions A. Always assume all electric wires are "HOT." B. Use protective gloves and/or insulated tools. C. Avoid grounding yourself in water or on pipes. D. Lockout electrical circuits and tag out remote controls when working on equipment. E. Ground all electric tools. F. Never use metal ladders around electric equipment. G. Read and follow instructions before handling anything electrical. If you don't understand the instructions, seek assistance. H. Plugs should only be inserted in receptacle outlets with the same slot or blade pattern, unless proper adapters are used. Don't force or alter a plug by bending, twisting or removing blades to make it fit into a receptacle outlet. I. Water conducts electricity. Keep wet hands from touching electrical equipment or light switches. J. Firmly grip the plug, not the cord, when disconnecting equipment. Yanking the cord can damage the cord,plug, or receptacle outlet and result in a shock or fire. K. Because electricity is present even when the switch is in the "off' position, unplug equipment, appliances and extension cords when not in use and before inspecting, cleaning, or fixing them. L. Recognize signs of overloaded circuits including flickering or dimming lights, blown fuses, warm wall plates or extension cords, and tripped circuit breakers. M. Receptacle outlets and switches should not be painted or covered with wallpaper paste. 22.3 Arc Flash Simply put, an arc flash is a phenomenon where a flashover of electric current leaves its intended path and travels through the air from one conductor to another, or to ground. The results are often violent, and when a human is in close proximity to the arc flash, serious injury and even death can occur. 22.3.1 Arc Flash Causes Arc flash can be caused by many things including: 62IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Dust and Impurities — Dust and impurities on insulating surfaces can provide a path for current, allowing it to flashover and create an arc discharge across the surface. • Spark Discharge—Accidental contact; dropping tools • Condensation — Water vapor can drip causing tracking on the surface of insulating materials. This can create a flashover to ground. • Material failure—Exposed surfaces that can provide a path for current. • Corrosion—Corrosion of equipment creates impurities on insulating surfaces. • Improper Work Procedures - Faulty installation; untrained/uncertified employees; improper PPE usage 22.3.2 Severity Factors Three factors determine the severity of an arc flash injury: 1. Proximity of the worker to the hazard 2. Temperature 3. Time for circuit to break 22.3.3 Possible Effects and Injuries Because of the violent nature of an arc flash exposure when an employee is injured, the injury is serious even resulting in death. It's not uncommon for an injured employee to never regain their past quality of life. Extended medical care is often required, sometimes costing in excess of $1,000,000. Typical Results from an Arc Flash include: • Burns (Non-FR clothing can burn onto skin) • Fire (could spread rapidly through building) • Flying objects (often molten metal) • Blast pressure (upwards of 2,000 lbs./sq.ft.) • Sound Blast(noise can reach 140 dB —loud as a gun) • Heat(upwards of 35,000 degrees F) 22.3.4 Approach/Protection Boundaries The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed specific approach boundaries designed to protect employees while working on or near energized equipment. These boundaries are: 1. Flash Protection Boundary (Outer Boundary) - The flash boundary is the farthest established boundary from the energy source. If an arc flash occurred, this boundary is where an employee would be exposed to a curable second-degree burn (1.2 calories/cm2). The issue here is the heat generated from a flash that results in burns. Any person crossing this boundary must wear appropriate arc rated PPE. 2. Limited Approach Boundary -An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part where a shock hazard exists. Unqualified person crossing this boundary must be accompanied by a qualified person wearing appropriate PPE and properly trained on the task to be performed. 63IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 3. Restricted Approach Boundary - An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part which there is an increased risk of shock. An approved work permit and plan for the task are required. 4. Prohibited Approach (Inner Boundary) - A distance from an exposed part which is considered the same as making contact with the live part. This distance is not common between equipment. Some equipment will have a greater flash protection boundary while other equipment will have a lesser boundary. 1111 1 ENCLOSURE OPEN SIDE Of `1 FNCLOSURF EXPOSED, COMPONENT 4tO THE FLASH UNITED RESTRICTED PROHIBITED PROTECTION SPACE SPACE SPACE BOUNDARY CAN BE GREATER OR l ESS THAN THE LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY ZERO DISTANCE PROHIBITED APPROACH BOUNDARY(SMOCK) RESTRICTED APPROACH BOUNDARY'SMOCK) LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY(SHOCK) 22.3.5 Protection There are a number of ways to protect workers from the threat of electrical hazards. Some of the methods are for the protection of qualified employees doing work on electrical circuits. Other methods are geared towards non-qualified employees who work nearby energized equipment. The following are a few protective methods: • Lockout/Tagout(See Section 24) • De-energize the circuit • Work Practices 64IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Insulation • Guarding • Barricades • Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) • Grounding (Secondary Protection) Specific safety-related work practices shall be consistent with the nature and extent of the associated electrical hazards. These safety related work practices could include: • Energized Electrical Work Permit • Personal Protective Equipment • Insulated Tools • Written Safety Program • Job Briefing 22.3.6 Arc Flash Warning Labels Each piece of equipment operating at 50 volts or more and not put into a deenergized state must be evaluated for arc flash and shock protection. This evaluation will determine the actual boundaries (i.e. prohibited, limited, restricted etc.) and will inform the employee of what PPE must be worn. Once the evaluation is complete, an Arc Flash Hazard warning label must be affixed to the equipment and readily accessible to employees who may work on the energized equipment. The following are a few locations where arc flash labels should be placed: • Switchboards • Panel Boards • Industrial Control Panels • Motor Control Centers • Disconnect Switches 65IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL .. 111.111 CP\ WARNING 0A____ rc Flash and Shock Hazard Appropriate PPE Required FLASH PROTECTION SHOCK PROTECTION 7 Incident Energy at: 18 In Shock Risk When 480 VAC Cover is Removed Min.Arc Rating: 0.45 cal/cm^2 Limited Approach 42 in Arc Flash Boundary: 10 In Restricted Approachor 12 In Glove Class: 00 Bus Name: PPE: PNL P-5 6Shirt pants or coveral Nonmelting (ASTM F1506)orrUntrUntr::ted Fiber)+hard hat+ Prot Der.100/3 BS-18 LAB PNL safety glasses+heari g protection 4 1. Danger or Warning header - A common guideline is to use the "Danger" header when the voltage is over 600 or when the incident energy is over 40 cal/cm2. If it is less than this threshold, an orange "Warning" header is typically used. 2. "Incident Energy at" is the corresponding working distance - The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) defines this as, "the dimension between the possible arc point and the head and body of the worker positioned in place to perform the assigned task." 3. "Min. Arc Rating" is the incident energy - A measurement in calories/cm2 or Joules/cm2 of thermal energy at a working distance from an arc fault. 4. Arc Flash Boundary - This is the shortest distance at which a person working at the time of an arc-flash may receive permanent injury (the onset of a second degree burn or worse) if not properly protected by flame-resistant (FR) clothing. 5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Each hazard risk category requires a different level of protection. Categories range from 1 to 4. Category "0" was removed in the NFPA 70E 2015 Changes. 6. "Limited Approach" and "Restricted Approach" fields are related Shock Hazard Approach Boundaries - These boundaries are defined in more detail in the Arc Flash Workplace Safety Guide. The "prohibited approach" boundary was removed in the 2015 NFPA 70E edition. 7. "Shock Risk When Cover is Removed" - The voltage of the equipment. 66 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 23 — HAND TOOLS & POWER TOOLS The purpose of this section is to provide direction and to establish the general requirements to be implemented when using hand or power tools. Many accidents and/or injuries can be attributed to tools which are in poor condition or improper and unsafe use. All hand,power, and similar equipment shall be stored properly and maintained in a safe working condition. 23.1 General Precautions A. The supervisor should train employees on their specific tools before employees use them on the job. Never assume a new employee has prior safety training due to job experience. B. Never remove or interfere with the operation of any tool guard or safety features. C. Always use the right tool for the right job. D. Keep tools clean and check their condition prior to using. If heads or striking tools become mushroomed or burred, have them dressed. If handles of tools are splintered, broken, or loose, have them replaced. E. Tools must always be returned to their proper storage place and not left where they create a hazard. F. Do not carry tools in pockets, it is dangerous, especially if tools are sharp or pointed. G. Do not use excessive pressure or force on any hand tool or the use of cheater bars to apply more force. H. When working on or near energized electrical circuits or equipment never use measuring tapes with metal strands woven into fabric,brassbound rules,wire, or metal bound hose or rope with wire care. I. Tools should neither be dropped nor thrown from place to place or from employee to employee. J. Tools that must be raised or lowered from one elevation to another shall be placed in an approved tool bucket or firmly attached to handline (rope). NOTE: Handmade or job made tools should not be used. In the event a special tool is needed for a specific task for which no such manufactured tool exists, proper engineering design, specifications, and Management approval shall be obtained prior to construction of such a tool. 23.2 Hand Tools A. Employees shall inspect tools prior to use. Damaged or defective tools shall be tagged "Do not use or operate" and remove from service as soon as the defect or damage is discovered. B. Wooden handles of tools, such as hammers, picks, etc. shall not be taped or covered in such a way as to hide damage or defects. C. Cracked or damaged wooden handles of tools, such as hammers, shall be replaced immediately upon discovery of the damage. D. Every tool requires and was designed to do a certain job. Use it only for its intended purpose. E. Tools shall not be altered such as welding extensions on wrench handles. F. Keep hand tools in peak condition; sharp, clean, oiled, and not abused. G. Do not use tools for pry bars. H. Do not use two wrenches to increase leverage. 67IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 23.2.1 Screwdrivers A. Use the right size and type screwdriver for the job. B. Do not hold screwdriver tip in palm of hand. The screwdriver may slip causing injury. C. Screwdrivers should be filed properly to prevent slipping. D. Do not use a screwdriver as a pry bar. 23.2.2 Hammers A. Hammers shall have a clear path for back swing and the target area shall be free from obstructions. B. Hammers with mushroomed heads shall never be used as they might glance off the target or the damaged head may splinter and send metal fragments flying. C. Hold an object that is to be struck with a hammer using pliers or another tong-type device to avoid being struck in the hand. D. Wooden handles shall be kept tight in the tool and replaced when splinters or cracks develop. 23.2.3 Files A. Do not use a file for a pry bar or hammer as it is brittle and breaks easily. B. Files should be fitted with wooden handles to protect employees from the pointed file end. !!! 23.2.4 Pry Bars A. Be sure the bar is secure under the load by first applying a slight pressure. B. Be balanced before exerting full force. C. A cheater bar shall not be used on pry bars. 23.2.5 Wrenches A. Wrenches should be pushed away from the body, if possible, to reduce the chance of the wrench slipping and striking the user in the face or body. B. Adjustable (crescent) and combination wrenches should be snug on bolts and nuts to avoid slipping. C. Never use a wrench as a hammer or a hammer on a wrench. D. Never use a cheater bar on a wrench or "double wrench" a nut. Use a hammer wrench or impact wrench instead. E. Wrenches shall not be used when jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs. 23.2.6 Drill Bits A. Replace drill bits that are worn, showed battered heads, over tempered, dull cutting edges, or other defects. B. Do not use drill as a reamer (get a larger bit), use proper bit for drilling steel, brass, or copper without removing the lip, or change bits without unplugging cord. 68 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 23.2.7 Shovels, Pickaxes and Axes A. Be aware of unsafe defects, rough, loose, cracked, or split handles, dull or nicked edges, or over tempered surfaces. B. Do not use as a wedge,pry bar, or hammer. 23.3 Power Tools A. Gasoline-powered tools and equipment, including but not limited to chain saws, pumps and generators, shall not be refueled while in operation. B. Use power tools only after becoming thoroughly familiar with their controls, safety requirements and operating procedures. When in doubt, re-read the instructions or get information from the supervisor. C. All tools shall be inspected for defects or damage prior to use. Tools found to be damaged or defective shall be immediately tagged "Do Not Use" and removed from service. D. Protective guards on power tools shall not be removed. Do not use tools without guards in place. E. Tools shall not be dropped or allowed to strike another object in such a fashion that damage may occur. F. The power source on tools shall be physically disconnected prior to attempting any repairs or attachment changes. Always double check to make sure no one has come along and plugged the cord back in. G. Employees shall avoid wearing loose fitting clothing when operating power tools. Shirt tails must be tucked in the trousers/pants while operating power tools. H. Electrical tools shall be the double insulated type with Underwriters Laboratory approval or be of the three wires grounded type. I. All electrical tools and power cords must be used with a Ground Fault Interrupter to protect against faulty ground. J. Electrical tools shall not be hoisted or carried by their power cords. K. Employees shall not operate electrical tools while standing in water or wet locations. L. Extension cords shall be the three wires grounded type and be continuous without splice or repair. M. Extension cords shall be kept clear of traffic aisles and shall not be placed across vehicle traffic paths unless guarded to prevent damage. (Recommend running cords 7 feet over head to prevent tripping hazards.) N. Extension cords shall not be placed through doorways unless stops or guards are put in place to prevent pinching of the cord by the door. O. Extension cords shall not be suspended by wire or nails. P. Employees shall not operate power tools without instructions from their supervisor. (NOTE: Some activities will require permits before work begins). Q. Torque: The circular or rotating motion in tools such as drills, impact wrenches, saws, etc. which results in a strong twisting force. Be prepared in case of jamming. R. Have good footing. Use two hands. Ask for help as necessary and be prepared to release the power switch or trigger. 69IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 23.3.1 Flying Objects Flying objects can be the result from operating almost any power tool. When operating a power tool, employees must always: A. Warn people around you. B. Use proper personal protective equipment. C. Avoid contact with moving parts. D. Keep moving parts directed away from your body. E. Do not "swing around" with the tool running, as someone might be behind you. F. Be sure replacement parts conform to correct specifications. For example, grinder wheels shall be approved for the maximum RPM of the machine, wood cutting bits shall be for woodwork only, etc. 23.3.2 Electrical Safety with Power Tools The use of portable power tools can make a job go faster and easier. The misuse of portable power tools can cause electric shocks, burns, cuts and puncture wounds, severed fingers and limbs, broken bones, loss of eyesight, and even death. The slightest shock when using electrical equipment is an ominous warning of a potentially serious safety hazard. A slight shock when using the equipment in one location might result in electrocution if the body makes a little better contact with the earth or a grounded object in another location. Electrocution is a leading cause of fatal injury in construction related activities. Most such injuries result from the use of portable tools powered by 110-volt electricity. Here are some things employees should know to protect themselves from injury and electric shock hazards: A. Hazards of Using Electrical Power Tools a. Electrical shock can occur from improper grounding or from attempting to adjust, clean, or service the tool without disconnecting the power. b. Contact with rotating and fast-moving parts, poor housekeeping, broken bits and blades, and lack of concentration can lead to serious cuts or amputations. c. Defective electrical cords, overheated motors, sparking, and working near flammable liquids or gases can result in fires. B. Power Tools Safety a. Choose the right tool for the job. This will depend on the work to be done. Most used power tools include drills, saws, sanders,routers, and grinders. b. Know how to use the tools safely and properly by reading the owner's manual carefully before use, by getting training from an experienced tool user, and by practicing before actually beginning the job. c. Repair or replace tools when needed. Worn or defective electrical tools should be taken out of service and repaired immediately. d. Transport and store tools properly. Power tools should be transported with extra care. Always hold the handle (not the cord) and keep fingers off the trigger. Place each tool in a safe storage area after use,preferably in a locked cabinet or toolbox. e. Keep the work area clean, dry, and orderly. Power tools should not be used when working on slippery floors, in poorly lighted work areas, or near flammable liquids or gases. f. Electric cords also deserve attention. They may become frayed leading to electrical shock or fire. Light-duty extension cords may become overheated when improperly used. They can also present tripping hazards. 70IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 23.4 Ground Fault Current Interrupters (GFCI) A. GFCIs are used to protect people from shock hazards. B. GFCIs will be required whenever an employee uses an extension cord or a receptacle that is not part of a permanent building or structure that exceeds 120 volts. C. Prior to using, employees will visually inspect all cords, receptacles, and attachment caps to insure there are no deformed or missing pins or insulation. D. GFCIs shall be used on all 120-volt, single phase, 15 and 20-ampere receptacle outlets, which are not part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure. Receptacles on a two wire, single phase portable or vehicle mounted generator rated not more than 5kw, where the circuit conductors of the generator are insulated from the generator frame and all other grounded surfaces, need not be protected with GFCIs. NOTE: A job site close to electrical lines shall be pre-planned and procedures outlined before attempting to do a job. A supervisor must review and approve any procedures that involve working in an area that has any electrical exposure. 23.5 Pneumatic (Air) Tools — General Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air. Common types of these air-powered hand tools that are used in industry include buffers, nailing and stapling guns, grinders, drills, jack hammers, chipping hammers, riveting guns, sanders and wrenches. Compressed air is a focused stream of air driven at a high velocity, which can cause serious injury or death to its operator or persons in the immediate area. A misdirected blast of compressed air can "pop" an eyeball from its socket, rupture an eardrum or cause a brain hemorrhage. Directed at the mouth, it can rupture the lungs and intestines. If used to blow dust or dirt off clothing or body parts, it can cause bubbles of air to enter the blood stream, even through a layer of clothing, and inflate and rupture body organs. A. When gas or diesel compressors furnish the air source, keep them outside or vent them to the outside to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. B. If using a permanent source of air, make sure it is not oxygen. Oxygen mixed with the oil in the air hose and tool will or may cause an instant explosion and fire. C. All hoses exceeding 1/2-inch inside diameter shall have a safety device at the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure. D. Air hoses should be protected from vehicle traffic, pedestrians, and sharp objects. Keep out of traffic areas, walkways, stairs, etc. to avoid hose damage and causing trip hazards. E. Attachments on air tools shall be secured by retainer pins and rings. The retainer rings should be taped to prevent accidental displacement. F. All crows foot type air connections shall be wired or pinned. G. Disconnect source and "bleed" hose before breaking connection on any air tool. To ensure proper bleeding, close the valve at the air source and ensure all valves and regulators between the source and the tool are in the open position before bleeding air from tool. H. Never crimp hoses to stop air. I. Never point a pneumatic hammer at anyone. There is always the chance the retainer may fail. J. The bit of a pneumatic tool should be in contact with the work surface before pulling the trigger. K. Governors require strict maintenance to prevent dangerous over speeding of grinders, drills, wrenches, etc. 71 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL L. Always wear eye, face, and ear protection, and when necessary, safety shoes or boots, when using air tools. M. Air used for cleaning machines shall be regulated to a nozzle pressure of 30 psi or less. N. Notify nearby workers of possible to flying fragments, chips, dust, and excessive noise. O. Ensure that the compressed air supplied to the tool is clean and dry. Dust, moisture, and corrosive fumes can damage a tool. An in-line regulator filter and lubricator increases tool life. P. Keep tools clean and lubricated, and use and maintain them according to the manufacturers' instructions. Q. Use the proper attachments, hoses and fittings recommended by the manufacturer. R. When compressed air is used for cleaning purposes, a nozzle must be provided with a shut off valve at the outlet of the hose. S. Use hoses specifically designed to resist abrasion, cutting, crushing and failure from continuous flexing. T. Choose air-supply hoses that have a minimum working pressure rating of 1035 kPa (150 psig) or 150% of the maximum pressure produced in the system, whichever is higher. U. Check hoses regularly for cuts, bulges and abrasions. Tag and replace, if damaged or defective. V. Blow out the air line before connecting a tool. Hold hose firmly and blow away from yourself and others. W. Make sure that hose connections are not fit and function properly, are not damaged, and are equipped with a mechanical means of securing the connection (e.g., chain, wire, or positive locking device). X. Install quick disconnects of a pressure-release type rather than a disengagement type. Attach the male end of the connector to the tool,NOT the hose. Y. Turn off the air pressure to hose when not in use or when changing power tools. Z. Do not carry a pneumatic tool by its hose. 23.6 Powder Actuated Tools Powder actuated tools (PAT) are tools that get their power from an explosive charge. Hilti and Ramset are two common brands of powder actuated tools. The tool uses the expanding gas from the explosion to drive a fastener into materials such as masonry, concrete, steel, and other hard surfaces. Only trained, competent, and authorized persons are permitted to operate a powder-actuated tool (also known as explosive-actuated tools). The training should be in accordance with the specific tool manufacturer's criteria. Test the tool each day before loading using the testing method recommended by the manufacturer. Make sure the muzzle end of the tool has a protective shield centered perpendicular to the barrel to stop flying fragments. (The tool should be designed not to fire unless this shield is in place.) If the tool is damaged or defective,tag it as such and remove it from service immediately. A powder-actuated tool operates like a loaded gun and should be handled with the same respect and safety precautions. When a job calls for a PAT,be sure to choose the correct cartridge for the fastener being used, then load the tool just before you intend to use it, keeping your hands clear of the open barrel end. Never carry a loaded PAT from job to job, and don't leave it unattended. As with a gun, always keep the tool pointed in a safe direction;never point it anyone. When using a PAT,be sure to wear the appropriate personal protection equipment including safety glasses or a face shield and hearing protection. A powder-actuated tool must be held firmly against and perpendicular to the surface into which it's driving the fastener. Securely brace yourself when using PATs on ladders or scaffolds to maintain good balance. 72IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Only shoot into a surface you're certain will safely contain the fastener; never shoot into a blind surface. Take the time to check the other side of your surface to ensure that no one is in the path of the fastener. When driving fasteners into materials like brick or concrete, stay at least 3 inches away from an edge or corner. With steel, the fastener must not come any closer than one-half inch from a corner or edge. Keep bystanders away from the work area. Shields for protecting workers against a possible ricochet may be necessary in the working area. Never drive fasteners into very hard or brittle materials like cast iron, glass blocks, glazed tile or other material that the fastener could shatter, ricochet off or pass through. And don't drive fasteners into a spalled area or where a previous fastening was unsuccessful. Be especially careful that you don't use a powder-actuated tool in flammable, combustible or explosive environments. If a PAT misfires, wait at least 30 seconds, and then try firing it again. If it still doesn't fire, wait another 30 seconds so that the faulty cartridge is less likely to go off. Then, carefully remove the cartridge, and place it in water. 23.7 Chain Falls & Come Alongs Some of CCUA's work requires use of special lifting and hoisting equipment to move equipment and materials. Chain falls and come alongs are designed to be operated by one employee only. If it takes two people to raise or move a load, chances are the load is greater than the capacity of the lifting device or the device is malfunctioning. Never wrap the chain around the load. Know the weight of the load and do not exceed the capacity of the lifting device. Periodic inspections for chain falls and come alongs are required and must be documented. Knowledge of the following portable hoisting tools and their safe use can save time in performing work duties and make lifting and pulling bulky items an easier task. 23.7.1 Chain Falls A. Lifting chain falls are low speed, geared for precision lifting, and have built-in, no-slip brakes. There are two lifting hooks; one swivel hook mounted on the housing and the other located at the end of the lifting chain. Chain falls are available in a variety of weight capacities ranging from 1/4 ton to 10 tons with assorted pulling chain lengths for longer reaches to the work area. B. Chain falls are designed primarily for vertical lifting. The lifting hooks on the housing and chain are tempered, but can or may be partially straightened, and shall be provided with a safety clip latch to prevent hooks from being dislodged. Before making a lift with the chain fall, be sure the load is rigged properly, and the lift area is barricaded and free of personnel. Make all lifts true vertically to prevent a shifting, swaying load and undo wear on the hoist. Never use a chain fall for a horizontal pull, as the designed chain sprocket engagement will not be obtained. 23.7.2 Come Alongs A. This compact hoist offers use in close area, toolbox size storage, and versatility in almost any lifting and pulling situation. B. The come along is most popular because of its heavy-duty construction and greater lifting ability. A ratchet lever moves the lifting chain or cable. The lever has three positions, forward for lifting or pulling,neutral for free gear travel, and reverse for lowering or releasing tension. C. Come alongs have one hook attached to the gear housing and one at the end of the lifting chain or cable. They are available in various lifting chain and cable lengths for longer reaching pulls and lifts. They range in capacities from 1/4 ton to 6 tons. 73IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL D. Considered the most versatile of the hand-operated hoists, the come along can be used in vertical lifting (only in certain situations), pulling, and binding on any plane and in moving heavy objects. A ratchet movement of the hand lever, even under tension accomplishes pulling or releasing. Therefore, if it takes two employees to crank the hand lever, the hoist is overloaded for the job. Avoid using cable-type lever hoists if the cable is frayed or damaged. Never use a cheater bar on the handle of the come along. 23.8 Pedestal, Bench, and Portable Grinders — General A. Each employee is responsible for inspection of the grinder in use. B. Wheel rating must exceed the maximum potential RPM of the grinder on which it is mounted. C. Special adapters, arbors, or other improvisation are not permitted, nor may more than one wheel be mounted between a single set of flanges. D. All abrasive wheels shall be mounted between flanges which are at least 1/3 the diameter of the wheel. E. On all portable tools, the control switch shall be instant pressure controlled without a locking pin. F. Wheels should be stored in a dry place with constant temperature above freezing and protected from physical damage, which could cause cracking. G. Guards shall be installed and maintained. H. The proper respiratory protection shall be used in the event dust hazards exist. I. The proper eye/face,hand, and ear protection shall be used. J. Guards, work rests, eye shields, and other permanent protection devices shall not be removed from any grinding or buffing wheels. K. Initial inspections and subsequent maintenance inspections should be performed on all grinders. L. The operator shall be responsible for installing all wheels and determining that they are designed for the speed of the grinder. M. The operator shall be responsible for maintaining the maximum distance between the work rest and the wheel— 1/8 inch and tongue guard 1/4 inch. N. Grinding shall not be performed on the side of the wheel. 23.9 Welding, Cutting, Brazing, Grinding & Soldering (Hot Work) Health hazards from welding, cutting, and brazing operations include exposures to metal fumes and to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Safety hazards from these operations include burns, eye damage, electrical shock, cuts, and crushed toes and fingers. Many of these can be controlled with proper work practices and personal protective equipment(PPE). Prior to initiating hot work, ensure all precautions are in place as required by CCUA and NFPA. Safeguard the work area, and a 35-foot radius around the work area, for trash, rags, and combustible items. Light torches with friction or stationary strikers only. Do not use matches or lighters. Monitor the hot work area while work is taking place and for 30 minutes after work is completed, then perform a final inspection. An appropriate fire extinguisher should be readily available. For all hot work involving open flame or producing heat and/or sparks, a"Hot Work Permit"(see Appendix C) is required. 74IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 24 - LOCKOUT/TAGOUT (LOTO) Lockout/Tagout is the method used to control hazardous energy during the servicing or maintenance of machines, power tools, and equipment. This program establishes the requirements for isolation of both kinetic and potential electrical, chemical, thermal, hydraulic, pneumatic, and gravitational energy prior to equipment repair, adjustment, or removal. 24.1 Definitions A. Authorized (Qualified) Employees: Employees who are certified to LOTO equipment or machinery. Whether an employee is qualified will depend upon various circumstances in the workplace. It is likely for an individual to be considered "qualified"with regard to certain equipment in the workplace, but "unqualified" as to other equipment. An employee who is undergoing on-the- job training and who, during such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified employee, is considered to be "qualified" for the performance of those duties. B. Affected Employees: Employees who operate machinery or equipment upon which LOTO is required under this program. Training of these individuals will be less stringent in that it will include the purpose and use of the lockout procedures. C. Other Employees: Employees who do not fall into the authorized (qualified) employee or affected employee categories. These employees should not touch any machine or equipment when they see that it has been locked or tagged out. 24.2 General A. Types of hazardous energy include: • Electrical (capacitors) • Mechanical(springs, conveyors,rotating flywheels, etc.) • Pneumatic (air, gas pressure) • Hydraulic (fluid pressure) • Thermal (steam pressure) • Chemical • Water B. All equipment SHALL be locked out and tagged out to protect against accidental or inadvertent start-up or operation when such equipment is being serviced, inspected, or repaired. C. Each person assigned to work on machines or equipment requiring lockout SHALL place a lockout/tagout padlock on the energy-isolating device(s). When an energy—isolating device cannot accept multiple locks or tags, a multiple lockout hasp or lock box SHALL be used. D. If an energy-isolating device is capable of being locked out, it MUST be locked out. E. When an energy—isolating device is not capable of accepting a lockout device, then and only then will a tagout program alone be utilized. However, when this is the case, the tagout device SHALL be attached at the same location that a lock would have been and the tagout system MUST provide a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by using a lockout program. 75IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 24.3 Sequence of Lockout/Tagout System Procedure A. Prepare for Shutdown: Before an authorized or affected employee turns off a machine or equipment, the authorized employee shall have knowledge of the type and magnitude of the energy, the hazards of the energy to be controlled, and the method or means to control the energy. All written LOTO procedures must be followed to ensure proper LOTO steps have been taken. B. Notification of Affected and Authorized Employees: All affected and authorized employees shall be notified that a lockout or tagout system is going to be utilized, the equipment to be involved, and the reason(s) why. Authorized personnel shall be informed of the energy source(s) to be controlled, and the methods or means to control the energy. Notification SHALL be given before the energy controls are put in place, and after the energy controls are removed. It is critical to communicate with affected, authorized, and other personnel before the energy controls are removed for safety coordination purposes. C. Equipment or Machine Shut Down: Shut off or shut down the equipment or machine using the procedures established for the equipment or machine. D. Equipment or Machine Isolation: Identify and Release the points of energy distribution and isolate all energy from the equipment to be worked on. Position the switch, valve, or other energy—isolating device(s) to the "off' or "open"position so that the equipment is isolated from the energy source(s). Stored energy (such as that in capacitors, springs, elevated machine members, rotating flywheels, hydraulic systems and air, gas, steam, or water pressure, etc.) shall be dissipated or restrained by a method such as repositioning,blocking,bleeding down, etc. E. Single Source Lockout: A machine or piece of equipment that has a single energy source that can be readily identified and isolated, i.e.: • Circuit breaker in electrical panel for light fixtures • Fans • Sump pumps • Instrumentation • Heating, Ventilation, Air Condition (HVAC) Systems • Electric Motors F. Apply Lockout or Tagout Device(s): Lockout/tagout devices shall be affixed to each energy— isolating device by authorized employees. Position of each energy— isolating device shall be in the "off' or safe position. G. Verification of Isolation: Prior to starting work, an authorized employee will verify that isolation and de-energizing of the equipment or machine has been accomplished. This shall be performed by trying to energize the system by its normal method and testing de-energizing with a meter. H. Return to Service: Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and energy is restored, authorized employees shall ensure the following: • Equipment or Machine Inspection: Inspect the work area to ensure that non-essential items have been re-moved and to ensure that machine or equipment components are operationally intact. • Employees: Verify that all employees have been safely positioned or removed. 76 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Notification: After lockout/tagout devices have been removed, and before the equipment is started, affected and authorized employees shall be notified that the lockout/tagout devices have been removed. • Removal of Personnel Lockout/Tagout Padlocks: Each personnel lockout/tagout padlock shall be removed by the employee who applied the padlock. When the authorized employee who applied the lockout/tagout padlock is not available to remove it, that padlock may be removed under the direction of a supervisor provided that: o A CCUA LOTO Removal Form is utilized. o Verification has been made that the employee who applied the padlock is not at the facility. o All reasonable efforts have been made to contact the employee to inform them that the padlock will be removed. o Inform the employee that their padlock was removed before they resume work at the site or facility on their next shift. 24.4 Lockout/Tagout Procedure for Electrical Plug-Type Equipment This procedure covers all electrical plug-type equipment such as battery chargers, some product pumps, office equipment, powered hand tools, powered bench tools, lathes, fans, etc. When working on, repairing, or adjusting the electrical equipment, the following procedures must be utilized to prevent accidental or sudden startup: A. If possible, unplug electrical equipment from wall socket or in-line socket. B. Turn the HOA(Hand-Off-Auto) switch to the "Off'position. C. Turn off the control power. D. Attach "Do Not Operate" tag on the end of power cord. An exception is granted to not lock and tag the plug if the cord and plug remain in the exclusive control of the employee working on, adjusting, or inspecting the equipment. E. Test equipment to assure power source has been removed by depressing the "Start" or "On" Switch. F. Perform required operations. G. Replace all guards removed. H. Remove Tag. I. Inspect power cord and socket before plugging equipment into power source. Any defects must be repaired before placing the equipment back in service. 24.5 Contractors Contractors working on CCUA property and equipment must use a LOTO procedure while servicing or maintaining equipment, machinery, or processes if the property or equipment will be left on site and may be accessible to others. 77IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 25 — SCAFFOLDS The purpose of this program is to provide directions and instructions for CCUA's requirements to be used for construction, erection, and dismantling of scaffolds and ladders. The primary responsibility for the implementation of the requirements of this program shall rest with the Supervisor. This program applies to all locations where scaffolds and ladders may be used. 25.1 Guardrails and Toeboards A. Guardrails shall be constructed of 2-inch x 4-inch lumber, 1/2-inch wire rope, angle iron or the prefabricated rail(s) supplied by the scaffold manufacturer. B. Toprails shall be approximately 42 inches above the working surface. C. Midrails shall be approximately 21 inches above the working surface. D. Wire rope toprails and midrails shall be stretched tight with no more than an approximate 3-inch deflection. E. Toeboards shall extend a minimum of 4 inches above the working surface. F. Guardrails and toeboards shall be installed on all open sides and ends of scaffolds. G. When the placement of the scaffold work platform prevents the installation of guardrails, other fall protection equipment should be used. H. Scaffolds and work platforms 4 feet to 10 feet high with a working surface of less than 45 inches shall have standard guardrails installed on all open sides and ends of the scaffold or platform. 25.2 Working Surfaces A. Working surfaces shall be constructed of scaffold plank, aluminum deck boards or 3/4-inch construction grade plywood. B. Scaffold planking shall be scaffold grades or equivalent as recognized by the American Lumber Standards approved grading rules for the species of wood. C. Working surfaces shall be secured by nails, double wrap of#9 wire or cleats. D. Lumber sizes, refer to nominal size/thickness except where otherwise stated. E. Scaffold planks shall extend minimum of 6 inches and a maximum of 12 inches over the end supports. F. If required, an access/egress ladder shall be provided. G. Scaffold planks shall not span more than 8 feet between supports/vertical legs. H. Scaffold planks and plywood shall be free of splits and burns. 25.3 Scaffold Footing and Anchorage A. The footing or anchorage shall be capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. B. The uprights/vertical legs shall be plumb and securely braced to prevent swaying and displacement. NOTE: Below are the requirements for specific types of scaffolds and ladders. 78 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 25.4 Tubular Welded Frame A. Scaffold shall be cross braced to assure scaffold is plumb, square, and rigid. B. Stacking pins shall only be secured with the manufacturer's pins or recommended bolts. C. Cross braces shall be secured, as designed by the manufacturer. D. Stationary scaffolds must be secured horizontally, every 26 feet of height and 30 feet horizontally, to prevent tipping. E. The height of rolling scaffolds, measured from the ground to the toprail, shall be no more than four times the minimum base dimension(length times the width). F. All wheels/casters shall be the same size, equipped with a positive locking device, and in good working condition. G. While employees are working from the scaffold the wheels shall be locked. H. Personnel shall not be permitted on mobile scaffold while the scaffold is being moved. 25.5 Tube and Coupler (Tube-Lock) A. Uprights shall be placed on secure bases and maintained plumb. B. Horizontal braces shall be installed completely around all exterior uprights and between interior uprights. Braces shall be installed every 6 feet of height. C. Platform supports shall be coupled/clamped directly to the horizontal braces and extend 4 inches to 12 inches beyond the horizontal braces. D. All horizontal bracing shall be coupled/clamped directly to the uprights. E. Diagonal bracing shall be installed at alternating 45-degree angles beginning with the corner upright and repeating every fifth upright on the perimeter. An alternating bracing pattern should be used. 25.6 One-Point and Two-Point Suspension Scaffolds A. Cable shall be securely anchored, and softeners shall be used when necessary. B. Cable shall be insulated at the anchor point from the motor to 4 feet above the motor and wherever the cables come in contact with metal to prevent electrical arcing. C. Two-point suspension scaffold platforms shall remain level while being raised or lowered. D. Each employee shall wear full body harness and be tied off to an independent lifeline. A lifeline shall be supplied for each employee. 25.7 Knee Brace/Cantilever Knee brace/cantilever scaffolding shall be welded by a qualified welder and visually inspected before use. 25.8 Ladders used with Scaffolding A. Ladders shall extend 36 inches above the landing. B. Extension ladders shall be secured to prevent movement or falling. C. Manufactured ladders shall be Class I or Class IA with properly working feet. D. The slope of the ladder from the base of the support shall be one (1) foot for every four feet of ladder length. E. All ladders shall be set on a firm base to prevent shifting and tipping. 79IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL F. Ladders with broken or missing rungs or steps, broken or split side rails, or faulty or defective construction, shall not be used. G. Metal ladders shall not be used. H. Step ladders shall not be used as a leaning ladder. I. Employees shall not work off the top two steps of a stepladder. J. Personnel shall have both hands free of tools, materials, or equipment, while climbing and descending ladders. K. Personnel shall face the ladder when climbing and descending. 80IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY SECTION 26 — LADDERS HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL The purpose of this section is to ensure the safe use, care and serviceability of portable ladders used in the workplace. Just as jobs and people are different, so are ladders. Factory built ladders are classified by the weight that they are designed to hold. Employees should use a ladder that supports their weight plus tools. 26.1 Ladder Types Do not exceed or load ladders beyond the maximum intended load or the manufacturer's rated capacity. Be aware of the ladder's load rating and of the weight it is supporting, including the weight of any tools or equipment. Type Weight Limit(Pounds) III - Lightweight 200 II 225 I 250 1A-Heavy Duty 300 IAA-Super Heavy Duty 375 Portable ladders SHALL be capable of supporting at least four times the maximum intended load. Employees should consider their weight and the weight of their tools and materials. 26.2 Care of Ladders A. Ladders shall be maintained in good condition at all times, the joint between the steps and the side rails shall be tight, all hardware and fittings securely attached, and the movable parts shall operate freely without binding or undue play. B. ALWAYS inspect the ladder prior to using it. If the ladder is damaged, it must be removed from service and tagged until repaired or discarded. C. Metal bearings of locks, wheels,pulleys, etc., shall be frequently lubricated. D. Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment shall be kept in good condition to ensure proper performance. E. Ladders shall be maintained free of oil, grease, and other slipping hazards. Ladders must be free of any slippery material on the rungs, steps, or feet. F. Ladder components shall be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. G. Wood ladders shall not be coated with any opaque covering, except for identification or warning labels which may be placed on one face only of a side rail. 26.3 Use of Ladders A. Read and follow all labels/markings on the ladder. B. Ladders SHALL be used only for the purpose for which they were designed. C. Ladders must be kept in a safe condition. Store in designated areas on racks or hooks. 81 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL D. Choose the correct ladder. Each ladder must be long enough to afford access to the work area without having to stand on the top two steps of an ordinary stepladder, or the top three rungs of a straight ladder. E. Employees shall not work from either the top three rungs of a straight ladder or from the top two steps of a step ladder. F. Do not sit on top of a ladder. G. Use a ladder only on a firm, level, and substantial base surface, unless it has been secured (top or bottom) to prevent accidental displacement. H. Ladders must have non-skid feet or be braced to prevent slippage. I. Always keep the area around the top and bottom of the ladder clear. J. For elevated work, ladders should be chosen only when aerial lifts and scaffolds are not practical. K. Do not use ladders on slippery surfaces unless secured or provided with slip resistant feet to prevent accidental movement. Do not use slip resistant feet as a substitute for exercising care when placing, lashing, or holding a ladder upon slippery surfaces. L. Set up the ladder on a firm, solid surface. Do not place a ladder on boxes, barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain additional height. M. Short ladders MUST not be spliced together to form a long ladder. N. Only use ladders and appropriate accessories (ladder levelers, jacks, or hooks) for their designed purposes. O. Do not set a ladder up on a scaffold to gain extra height. EXCEPTION: a ladder can be set up on a scaffold if all hazards are identified, permission has been granted from the scaffold builder, 100% tie-off is achieved, and the ladder is properly secured. P. Ladders MUST be secured by tying off, i.e., nearby structural steel, piping, etc. If there is not a place to tie-off the ladder, such as an MCC room or office area, someone else must hold the ladder. Q. Do not use the top step/rung of a ladder as a step/rung unless it was designed for that purpose. Each ladder MUST be long enough to afford access to the work area without having to stand on the top two steps of a stepladder, or the top three rungs of a straight ladder. R. AVOID ELECTRICAL HAZARDS! —Look for overhead power lines before handling a ladder. Use ladders equipped with nonconductive side rails if the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment. They also must be positioned at the designated safe distance away from the exposed energized equipment. Fiberglass ladders are the preferred choice of ladders on job sites. S. Keep areas clear around the top and bottom of ladders. T. Do not move or shift a ladder while a person, tools or equipment is on the ladder. U. Only one person is allowed on a ladder at a time, unless the ladder is specifically designed for multiple occupancy, such as a twin step ladder. V. Ladders used for access to an upper landing surface SHALL have side rails that extend at least 3 feet above the landing surface. W. Ladders, ramps or other safe means of access or egress for any excavation deeper than 4 feet is required. Whatever safe means of egress is used, it will be located at intervals with no more than 25 feet of lateral travel distance from employees. X. Never use a ladder as a brace, skid, lever, guy or gin pole, gangway, platform, scaffold, plan, material hoist, or for any other use for which it was not intended. 82IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Y. When ascending or descending a ladder, the user shall face the ladder and shall use at least one hand to grasp the ladder. The user Shall not carry any object or load that could cause him/her to lose balance and fall. Z. Always maintain a 3-point (two hands and a foot, or two feet and a hand while facing the ladder) contact on the ladder when ascending and descending. Keep your body near the middle of the step and always face the ladder while climbing. AA. You must be tied-off if working 4 feet or more above ground and when working elevated within 6 feet of a handrail. BB. Hoist tools or other materials up after you have reached the top of the ladder. Wear a tool belt to help you manage tools while you are working on a ladder. Do not carry objects or loads that could cause loss of balance and falling. CC. All tools and materials shall be hauled up in a tool bucket or similar container or placed in tool belts rather than carried up by hand. DD. Work within the siderails. If your belt buckle goes past the side rail, you are leaning too far. Descend and move the ladder as needed to stay close to the work. EE. Ladders used in doorways, passageways, driveways, or other areas where they could be displaced by workplace activities or traffic NEED to be secured, barricaded, or have warning signs posted to keep disturbances away. Where a door could open into a ladder, either block the door open, keep the door locked, or have someone guard the base of the ladder. FF.Ladder rungs, cleats and steps must be parallel, level and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use. GG. Rungs, cleats, and steps of portable and fixed ladders (except as provided below) must not be spaced less than 10 inches (25 cm) apart, nor more than 14 inches (36 cm) apart, along the ladder's side rails. HH. Rungs, cleats, and steps of step stools MUST not be less than 8 inches (20 cm) apart, nor more than 12 inches (31 cm) apart, between center lines of the rungs, cleats, and steps. II. Rungs, cleats, and steps at the base section of extension trestle ladders must not be less than 8 inches (20 cm) nor more than 18 inches (46 cm) apart, between center lines of the rungs, cleats, and steps. The rung spacing on the extension section must not be less than 6 inches (15 cm) nor more than 12 inches (31 cm). JJ. Ladders MUST not be tied or fastened together to create longer sections unless they are specifically designed for such use. When splicing side rails, the resulting side rail must be equivalent in strength to a one-piece side rail made of the same material. KK. Two or more separate ladders used to reach an elevated work area must be offset with a platform or landing between the ladders, EXCEPT when portable ladders are used to gain access to fixed ladders. Ladder components must be surfaced to prevent snagging of clothing and injury from punctures or lacerations. 83IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 27 - TRENCHING & EXCAVATION SAFETY This section applies to all employee(s)that may be occupationally exposed to excavations and trenches. Compliance is mandatory to ensure employee protection when working in or around excavations. The sections in this Manual on confined space, hazard communication, lockout/tagout, personal protection equipment, and any other safety programs or procedures deemed essential for employee protection, are to be used in conjunction with this program. All persons involved in excavation and trenching must receive appropriate training in safe work practices and follow them when performing this type of work. 27.1 Definitions A. Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring: An engineered shoring system comprised of aluminum hydraulic cylinders (cross braces), used in conjunction with vertical rails (uprights) or horizontal rails (walers). Such a system is designed specifically to support the sidewalls of an excavation and prevent cave- ins. B. Benching: A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels. C. Cave-in: The separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or otherwise injure and immobilize a person. D. Competent Person: A person capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. E. Excavation: Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal. F. Shield (Shield System): A structure able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees with the structure. Shields can be permanent structure or can be designed to be portable and moved along as work progresses. Also known as trench box or trench shield. G. Shoring (Shoring System): A structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical, or timber shoring system that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins. H. Sloping (Sloping System): A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating to form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation to prevent cave-ins. The angle of incline varies with differences in such factors as the soil type, environmental conditions of exposure, and application of surcharge loads. I. Trench (Trench Excavation): A narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench is not greater than 15 feet. If forms or other structures are installed or constructed in an excavation as to reduce the dimension measured from the forms or structure to the side of the excavation to 15 feet or less, the excavation is also considered to be a trench. 84IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 27.2 Soil Types A. Type A: Most stable: clay, silty clay, and hardpan (resists penetration). No soil is Type A if it is fissured, is subject to vibration of any type, has previously been disturbed, or has seeping water. B. Type B: Medium stability: silt, sandy loam, medium clay, and unstable dry rock; previously disturbed soils unless otherwise classified as Type C; soils that meet the requirements of Type A soil but are fissured or subject to vibration. C. Type C: Least stable: gravel, loamy sand, soft clay, submerged soil or dense, heavy unstable rock, and soil from which water is freely seeping. D. Layered Geological Strata (where soils are configured in layers): The soil must be classified based on the soil classification of the weakest soil layer. Each layer may be classified individually if a more stable layer lies below a less stable layer, i.e., where a Type C soil rests on top of stable rock. 27.3 Soil Testing Methods The competent person in charge of the excavation shall be responsible for determining whether the soil is Type B or C. If the competent person wants to classify the soil as Type C, they do not need to do any tests. However, tests must be conducted to determine if the soil can be classified as Type B. To do this, the competent person shall use a visual test coupled with one or more manual tests. A. Visual Test: In addition to checking the items on the trench inspection form, the competent person should perform a visual test to evaluate the conditions around the site. In a visual test, the entire excavation site is observed, including the soil adjacent to the site and the soil being excavated. The competent person also checks for any signs of vibration. During the visual test, the competent person should check for crack-line openings along the failure zone that would indicate tension cracks, look for existing utilities that indicate that the soil has been previously disturbed, and, if so, what sort of backfill was used, and observe the open side of the excavation for indications of layered geologic structuring. This person should also look for signs of bulging, boiling, or sloughing, as well as for signs of surface water seeping from the sides of the excavation or from the water table. In addition, the area adjacent to the excavation should be checked for signs of foundations or other intrusions into the failure zone, and the evaluator should check for surcharging and the spoil distance from the edge of the excavation. B. Manual Tests: a. Thumb Penetration Test: Attempt to press the thumb firmly into the soil in question. If the thumb penetrates no further than the length of the nail, it is probably Type B soil. If the thumb penetrates the full length of the thumb, it is Type C. It should be noted that the thumb penetration test is the least accurate testing method. b. Dry Strength Test: Take a sample of dry soil. If it crumbles freely or with moderate pressure into individual grains it is considered granular (Type C). Dry soil that falls into clumps that subsequently break into smaller clumps (and the smaller clumps can only be broken with difficulty) it is probably clay in combination with gravel, sand, or silt(Type B). 85IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL c. Plastic or Wet Thread Test: Take a moist sample of the soil. Mold it into a ball and then attempt to roll it into a thin thread approximately 1/8 inch in diameter by two inches in length. If the soil sample does not break when held by one end, it may be considered Type B. A pocket penetrometer, shearvane or torvane may also be used to determine the unconfined compression strength of soils. 27.4 Excavation and Trenching Requirements A. Prior to excavating, a supervisor or designated competent person must thoroughly inspect the site to determine the need for special safety measures. B. Prior to excavation, all underground utilities must be properly marked by contacting the Sunshine State One Call of Florida (SSOCOF) and all non-members for locates. If the marks are destroyed, the employee shall stop excavation and contact the SSOCOF or the member for a refresh. C. Perform excavation in a manner that does not endanger the underground installations, or the employees engaged in the work. D. Overhead wires require a spotter when excavating near an overhead line. E. Prior to the start of excavation operations, provide as necessary barricades, walkways, lighting and postings to protect the public. F. Guardrails, fences or barricades shall be provided on excavations adjacent to walkways, driveways and other pedestrian or vehicle thoroughfares. G. To prevent unauthorized access, effectively barricade or cover wells, holes, pits, shafts and all similar hazardous excavations and post, as necessary. Backfill all temporary excavations of this type as soon as possible. H. Trenches four feet or more in depth shall be provided with a fixed means of egress. I. Spacing between ladders or other means of egress must be such that an employee will not have to travel more than 25 feet laterally to the nearest means of egress. J. Ladders must be secured and extend a minimum of 36 inches above the landing. K. Ladders shall have nonconductive side rails. L. Employees are not allowed in the excavation while heavy equipment is digging. M. Employees are not allowed to work under raised loads. N. Employees are not allowed to work under loads being lifted or moved by heavy equipment used for digging or lifting. O. Employees are required to stand away from equipment that is being loaded or unloaded to avoid being struck by falling materials or spillage. P. Temporary spoil shall be placed no closer than two feet from the surface edge of the excavation. Q. Permanent spoil should be placed some distance from the excavation. R. Employees exposed to vehicular traffic shall be provided with and required to wear proper PPE such as reflective vests or other suitable garments marked with or made of reflectorized or high-visibility materials. S. Employees shall wear hardhats and steel-toed shoes or boots when working in trenches or excavation. T. If exposed to flying fragments, dust or other materials produced by drilling, sawing, sanding, grinding and similar operations, approved safety glasses, goggles or a face shield must be worn. U. Do not work in excavations that contain or are accumulating water unless protective precautions have been taken. 86 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL V. Precautions may include special support or shield systems to protect from cave-ins, water removal to control the level of accumulating water or use of safety harness or lifelines. W. If water is controlled or prevented from accumulating using water removal equipment, the water removal equipment and operation shall be monitored by a person trained in the use of that equipment. 27.5 Hazardous Atmospheres and Confined Spaces A. Employees shall not be permitted to work in hazardous and/or toxic atmospheres. Such atmospheres include those with: a. less than 19.5% oxygen b. a combustible gas concentration greater than 20% of the lower flammable limit, and, c. concentrations of hazardous substance that exceed those specified in the Threshold Limit Values for airborne contaminants established by the ACGIH. B. All operations involving such atmospheres must be conducted in accordance with the confined space section and environmental controls for personal protective equipment and for lifesaving equipment. Engineering controls (such as ventilation) and respiratory equipment may be required. 27.6 Testing for Atmospheric Contaminants A. If there is any possibility that the trench or excavation could contain a hazardous atmosphere, atmospheric testing must be conducted prior to entry. Conditions that might warrant atmospheric testing would be if the excavation was made in a landfill area or if the excavation was crossed by, was adjacent to, or contained pipelines containing a hazardous material (for example, natural gas lines). B. Testing should be conducted before employees enter the trench and should be done regularly to ensure that the trench remains safe. The frequency of testing should be increased if equipment is operating in the trench. Testing frequency should also be increased if welding, cutting, or burning is done in the trench. 27.7 Protective Systems Requirements A. All excavations or trenches four feet or greater in depth shall be appropriately benched, shored, or . sloped. B. Excavations or trenches 20 feet deep or greater must have a protective system designed by a registered professional engineer. C. Excavations under the base of footing of a foundation or wall requires a support system designed by a registered professional engineer. D. Sidewalks and pavement shall not be undermined unless a support system or another method of protection is provided to protect employees from their possible collapse. a. Benching: There are two basic types of benching, single and multiple, which can be used in conjunction with sloping. In Type B soil, the vertical height of the benches must not exceed 4 feet. Benches must be below the maximum allowable slope for that soil type. In other words, a 10-foot-deep trench in Type B soil must be benched back 10 feet in each direction, with the maximum of a 45-degree angle. Benching is not allowed in Type C soil. b. Sloping: Maximum allowable slopes for excavations less than 20 feet based on soil type and angle to the horizontal are as follows: 87IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Soil Type Height/Depth Ratio Slope Angle Type B 1:1 45 Degrees Type C 1 1/2:1 134 Degrees A 10-foot-deep trench in Type B soil would have to be sloped to a 45-degree angle or sloped 10 feet back in both directions. Total distance across a 10-foot-deep trench would be 20 feet, plus the width of the bottom of the trench itself. In Type C soil, the trench would be sloped at a 34-degree angle, or 15 feet back in both directions for at least 30 feet across, plus the width of the bottom of the trench itself. c. Shoring: Shoring or shielding is used when the location or depth of the cut makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. The two basic types of shoring are timber and aluminum hydraulic. Aluminum hydraulic shoring provides a critical safety advantage over timber shoring because employees do not have to enter the trench to install them. They are also light enough to be installed by one employee; they are gauge-regulated to ensure even distribution of pressure along the trench line; and they can be adapted easily to various trench depths and widths. If timber shoring is used, it must meet the following requirements: • All shoring shall be installed from the top down and removed from the bottom up. • Hydraulic shoring shall be checked at least once per shift for leaking hoses and/or cylinders, broken connections, cracked nipples, bent bases, and any other damaged or defective parts. • The top cylinder of hydraulic shoring shall be no more than 18 inches below the top of the excavation. • The bottom of the cylinder shall be no higher than four feet from the bottom of the excavation. • Two feet of trench wall may be exposed beneath the bottom of the rail or plywood sheeting, if used. • Three vertical shores, evenly spaced, must be used to form a system. • Wales are installed no more than two feet from the top, no more than four feet from the bottom, and no more than four feet apart, vertically. d. Shielding: Trench boxes are different from shoring because, instead of shoring up or otherwise supporting the trench face, they are intended primarily to protect employees from cave-ins and similar incidents. • The excavated area between the outside of the trench box and the face of the trench should be as small as possible. • The space between the trench box and the excavation side must be backfilled to prevent lateral movement of the box. • Shields may not be subjected to loads exceeding those which the system was designed to withstand. 88 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Trench boxes are generally used in open areas, but they also may be used in combination with sloping and benching. The box must extend at least 18 inches above the surrounding area if there is sloping toward the excavation. This can be accomplished by providing a benched area adjacent to the box. • Any modifications to the shields must be approved by the manufacturer. • Shields may ride two feet above the bottom of an excavation, provided they are calculated to support the full depth of the excavation and there is no caving under or behind the shield. • Employees must enter and leave the shield in a protected manner, such as by a ladder or ramp. • Employees may not remain in the shield while it is being moved. 89IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 28 - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY This section has been developed to ensure the safety of personnel required to enter and conduct work in confined spaces. The program contained herein describes reasonable and necessary policies and procedures for any and all facilities, departments, and individuals who are associated with confined space entry operations. This program shall apply to all confined space entry operations conducted within CCUA facilities and site locations. A site-specific program may be used, providing it meets or exceeds the requirements listed herein: 28.1 Identifying Confined Spaces A. Recognition is an important aspect of making a safe entry into a confined space. Not all confined spaces will be considered permit-required confined spaces and being able to identify the difference between the two is important. B. To clarify what constitutes a Confined Space, the following definition will be used: a. Confined Space: Any space that has the following characteristics: • It is large enough or so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work. • It has limited or restricted means for entry or exit. Confined-space openings are limited primarily by size and location. Openings may be small and may be difficult to move through easily. However, in some cases openings may be very large; for example, open-topped spaces such as pits or excavations. Entrance and exit may be required from top, bottom, or side. In some cases, having to access the work area by a fixed ladder may constitute limited or restricted entry or exit. Size or location may make rescue efforts difficult. • Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Most confined spaces are not designed for employees to enter and work on a routine basis. They may be designed to store a product, enclose materials and processes, or transport products or substances. Because they are not designed for continuous occupancy, frequently they will not have good ventilation or lighting. Therefore, occasional employee entry for inspection, maintenance, repair, cleanup, or similar tasks can be difficult and dangerous. The danger associated with entry may come from chemical or physical hazards within the space. • Examples of confined spaces include but are not limited to the following: o Storage Tanks o Water Tanks o Sewers o Crawl Spaces o Excavations/Trenches o Manholes b. Non-Permit Confined Space: A confined space that does not contain, nor has the potential to contain, any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm (with respect to atmospheric hazards). • Examples of non-permit required confined spaces might include the interiors of HVAC units, certain air plenums and pipe chases, attics, walk-in freezers or refrigerators, and some building crawl spaces. c. Permit-Required Confined Space (Permit Space): A confined space that is potentially hazardous. A Permit-Required Confined Space has one or more of the following characteristics: • Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere. • Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant. 90IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or • Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. • Examples of serious safety or health hazards might include: o Fall hazards o Unguarded machinery o Extreme heat or cold o Steam pipes or chemical lines o Hazardous noise levels o Electrical hazards o Presence of asbestos o Potentially hazardous levels of dust (such as might occur at the Feed Mill) C. Because of the lack of ventilation in most confined spaces, they will have the potential for a hazardous atmosphere. Therefore, they must be designated"permit-required," and the procedures for making entry into a permit-required space must be followed. Examples of permit-required confined spaces within CCUA include sewers, electrical vaults, sump pits, pump stations, certain mechanical rooms, some excavations, and other types of enclosures. D. Any space that is accessed by lifting a manhole cover shall be considered a permit-required confined space. Additionally, some equipment access areas may be designed permit-required confined spaces even though they do not technically meet the definition (i.e., they may not really have limited or restricted means of entry or exit). E. It may be determined that a space presents no real danger for employees. However, it is recommended that all spaces be considered potentially dangerous until they have been evaluated and tested. 28.2 Supervisor Responsibilities A. Supervisors are directly responsible for ensuring the safety of their employees regarding confined spaces. It is their responsibility to evaluate potentially hazardous spaces within their facilities and work areas to ensure that the proper precautions are taken for safety. This includes clearly marking permit-required confined spaces, training employees, and ensuring proper entry procedures are followed. These responsibilities may be delegated to another competent person provided he/she is qualified. B. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring their employees are properly trained to do the jobs they are sent to do. This includes recognition of confined spaces and proper procedures for making entry into permit-required confined spaces whenever necessary. No employee shall be sent on a job that potentially involves work in a confined space unless they have been properly trained in confined space entry procedures. 91 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 28.3 Identifying Confined Space Hazards A. Once a space has been identified as confined, the hazards that may be present within the confined space must be identified. Confined-space hazards can be grouped into the following categories: • Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres • Flammable Atmospheres • Toxic Atmospheres • Mechanical and Physical Hazards B. Every confined space must be evaluated for these four types of hazards. The three types of atmospheric hazards are often the most difficult to identify since they might not be detected without the assistance of a gas monitor. 1. Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres: The normal atmosphere is composed of approximately 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen. An atmosphere containing less than 19.5% oxygen shall be considered oxygen deficient. The oxygen level inside a confined space may be decreased as the result of either consumption or displacement. There are several processes that consume oxygen in a confined space. Oxygen is consumed during combustion of flammable materials, as in welding, cutting, or brazing. A more subtle consumption of oxygen occurs during bacterial action, as in the fermentation process. Oxygen can also be consumed during chemical reactions such as in the formation of rust on the exposed surfaces of a confined space. The number of people working in a confined space and the amount of physical activity can also influence oxygen consumption. Oxygen levels can also be reduced as the result of oxygen displacement by other gases. 2. Flammable Atmospheres: Flammable atmospheres are generally the result of flammable gases, vapors, dust mixed in certain concentrations with air, or an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Oxygen-enriched atmospheres are those atmospheres that contain an oxygen concentration greater than 22%. An oxygen-enriched atmosphere will cause flammable materials such as clothing and hair to burn violently when ignited. Combustible gases or vapors can accumulate within a confined space when there is inadequate ventilation. Gases that are heavier than air will accumulate in the lower levels of a confined space. Therefore, it is especially important that atmospheric tests be conducted near the bottom of all confined spaces. The work being conducted in a confined space can generate a flammable atmosphere. Work such as spray-painting, coating, or the use of flammable solvents for cleaning can result in the formation of an explosive atmosphere. Welding or cutting with oxyacetylene equipment can also be the cause of an explosion in a confined space and shall not be allowed without a hot work permit. Oxygen and acetylene hoses may have small leaks in them that could generate an explosive atmosphere and, therefore, should be removed when not in use. The atmosphere shall be tested continuously while any hot work is being conducted within the confined space. 92IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 3. Toxic Atmospheres: Toxic atmospheres may be present within a confined space as the result of one or more of the following: a. The Product Stored in the Confined Space: When a product is stored in a confined space, the product can be absorbed by the walls and give off toxic vapors when removed or when cleaning the residual material. The product can also produce toxic vapors that will remain in the atmosphere due to poor ventilation. b. The Work Being Conducted in the Confined Space: Toxic atmospheres can be generated as the result of work being conducted inside the confined space. Examples of such work include welding or brazing with metals capable of producing toxic vapors, painting, scraping, sanding, etc. Many of the solvents used for cleaning and/or degreasing produce highly toxic vapors. c. Areas Adjacent to the Confined Space: Toxic fumes produced by processes near the confined space may enter and accumulate in the confined space. For example, if the confined space is lower than the adjacent area and the toxic fume is heavier than air, the toxic fume may"settle" into the confined space. 4. Mechanical and Physical Hazards: Problems such as rotating or moving mechanical parts or energy sources can create hazards within a confined space. All rotating or moving equipment such as pumps, process lines, electrical sources, etc., within a confined space must be identified. Physical factors such as heat, cold, noise, vibration, and fatigue can contribute to accidents. These factors must be evaluated for all confined spaces. Excavations could present the possibility of engulfment. Employees shall be protected from cave-ins by sloping, benching, or shoring systems when the depth of the excavation is more than four feet. In some circumstances, air monitoring may also be required. to 28.4 Confined Space Entry Program A. Identifying All Confined Spaces a. All confined spaces located within a CCUA facility or under CCUA's control should be identified. Danger signs should be posted. The following language is an example of acceptable language for warning signs: DANGER—PERMIT REQUIRED-CONFINED SPACE—AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS ONLY. Once the space has been identified as Confined, the competent designee shall determine if a permit is required. b. All employees shall be made aware of these confined spaces through training or instruction. Assistance in this training shall be provided by the Risk& Safety Manager. B. Preventing Unauthorized Entry a. All employees shall be instructed by the designated representatives that entry into a confined space is prohibited without an authorized permit. b. The designated representatives shall instruct all employees to list their names on the authorized permit before they will be allowed to enter a confined space. C. The Permit System a. When a confined space must be entered, a permit shall be completed and authorized by Department Heads, supervisors, or their designated representatives prior to entry of the confined space. This permit shall serve as certification that the space is safe for entry. The permit shall contain the date, the location of the space, and the signature of the person providing the certification. 93IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL b. A permit shall not be authorized until all conditions of the permit have been met. See Appendix B for the Confined Space Entry Permit. A comparable permit format may be used. D. Planning the Entry The first step towards conducting a safe confined-space entry is to plan the entry. This will allow for the identification of all hazards, and for the determination of all equipment necessary, to complete the project. a. Gathering General Data • Identify the confined space. Give the name or location of the confined space. • Give the reason for entering the confined space. Be specific. Also, identify if hot work will be done. • Identify the contents of the confined space. This refers to any chemicals or other materials and energy that are usually present in the confined space. b. Identifying the Hazards NOTE: Atmospheric testing shall be conducted prior to entering permit-required confined spaces. It is recommended that the entry supervisor conduct these tests; however, any competent person certified in confined space entry may do so. • The entry supervisor will determine the oxygen content and record this on the entry permit. • The entry supervisor will determine flammable gas content and record this on the entry permit. • The entry supervisor will determine levels of H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) and Carbon Monoxide and record this on the entry permit. • If a toxic substance is determined to be in the confined space during testing by the entry supervisor, the Department Head or Risk & Safety Manager shall be contacted to assist in obtaining a Safety Data Sheet or other chemical information to determine what type of personal protective equipment is required, the potential health effects, the Permissible Exposure Limits, and any other information needed to safely conduct the work. • Entry supervisors will determine mechanical and physical hazards. They should list all items and energy that will require Lockout/ Tagout, blanking and bleeding, disconnecting, or securing. Physical hazards should also be listed. c. Ventilation of the Confined Space • If mechanical ventilation is to be used, the exhaust must be pointed away from personnel or ignition sources. Indicate whether mechanical or natural ventilation will be used. Describe the procedures to be used. d. Isolating the Confined Space • Describe the procedures for disconnecting equipment or Lockout/Tagout. All mechanical, electrical, or heat-producing equipment should be disconnected or locked and tagged out. This would also include any pumps that pull fluid from, or pump fluid into, the confined space. e. Purging/Cleaning the Confined Space • Indicate if the confined space will be purged. Purging with inert gas is not recommended. If the space must be purged, describe the procedures. 94IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • Indicate the type of cleaning methods to be used. If chemical cleaners are to be used, name the type, and describe the procedures. The SDS for the chemical should be consulted prior to use. NOTE: When introducing a chemical into a confined space, the compatibility of that chemical with the contents of the confined space must be checked. If in doubt, consult with the Risk & Safety Manager. If steam is to be used, the hose should be bonded to the confined space. f. Placement of Warning Signs • Indicate if warning signs or barriers will be needed to prevent unauthorized entry or to protect employees from external hazards. If the confined space will be left open and unattended for any length of time, warning signs and barriers such as barricades and/or caution tape will be required. g. Identifying All Personnel • List all employees that will be required to prepare the confined space and complete the work inside the space. h. Identifying Necessary Equipment • List all equipment that will be necessary to complete the project. 28.5 Conducting Pre-Entry Training Once the entry has been planned, department managers, supervisor or their designated representatives must train all employees who will be involved in the entry. The training should be conducted no earlier than one day before entry is to be made. The following outline should be used for the training: A. Identify the confined space and the reason(s) for entry B. Identify work detail. a. Assign each employee the job(s) to perform in the entry project (entrant, standby person, etc.). b. If an employee is required to use a piece of equipment, be sure that he/she can use the equipment properly. c. Inform all personnel that no one is to enter the confined space unless the attendant is present at the work site. d. Inform entrants of all known or suspected hazards. I e. Inform personnel of any access or exit problems. f. Inform personnel of all equipment that must be locked out or tagged out. g. Inform personnel of the contents of the confined space. h. Inform personnel of all atmospheric levels that must be maintained before entering and while working in the confined space. i. If a toxic atmosphere or substance is present or could become present, the following additional training must be completed: i. If respiratory protection is not going to be used, inform personnel of the maximum permissible exposure level (PEL) that can exist within the confined space, and the method used to monitor PEL. ii. Inform personnel of the potential health effects of exposure to the toxic atmosphere or substance. iii. Inform personnel of the signs and symptoms of exposure to the toxic fumes. 95IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL iv. Inform personnel of the personal protective equipment (PPE) that they will be required to wear. v. If entrants are unaware of the proper use of the PPE, they must be trained in the proper use of this equipment. NOTE: Supervisors may request assistance from the Risk & Safety Manager in providing the above-mentioned training. Persons should not be assigned to tasks requiring use of respirators unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment. C. Identify isolation procedures a. Inform the personnel responsible for the lockout/tagout of all equipment that must be isolated. b. Inform the personnel responsible for performing this function of the methods to be used. D. Identify purging and/or ventilation procedures a. Inform all personnel responsible for performing this function of the methods to be used. E. Identify all equipment needed a. Inform personnel involved in the project of all equipment that will be necessary to complete the project. b. Make sure that all employees can use their assigned equipment properly. F. Determine necessary personal protective equipment a. Inform personnel of all PPE that must be used to ensure their safety. b. Make sure that all personnel required to use PPE are trained in the proper use of the equipment. G. Establish communication a. Inform all entrants that they are required to maintain communication with the attendant. b. Inform attendant that he/she must maintain constant contact with all entrants. c. Inform personnel of the type of communication they are to use. H. Protect from external hazards a. Inform personnel where signs and barriers will be placed to prevent unauthorized entry and protect entrants from external hazards. I. Pre-plan rescue procedures a. The designated attendant(s) should be informed of the rescue procedures to be followed. Rescue procedures to be used are listed in Section 28.7 of this Manual. b. The attendant should be informed that he/she can have no other duty but to maintain contact with personnel inside the confined space. c. Inform the attendant(s) that they must not enter the confined space under any circumstances. J. Place the confined space back into service a. Inform personnel of the steps to be taken to place the confined space back into service. K. Preparing the confined space for entry a. Once the entry has been planned and personnel have been trained, the next step is to prepare the confined space for entry. The following steps are to be followed when preparing the confined space for entry: i. Place warning signs or barriers around the confined space to prevent unauthorized entry, as necessary. ii. Place all tools, safety equipment, monitoring equipment, etc., near the confined space. 96 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL iii. Isolate all mechanical and/or electrical hazards, as necessary. iv. Purge/ventilate the confined space, as necessary. L. Test the atmosphere using an appropriate gas monitor. a. If oxygen content is less than 19.5% or greater than 21.5%, perform additional ventilation. Then shut off ventilation equipment and re-test the oxygen content. b. If oxygen content is between 19.5% and 21.5%, continue entry preparation. M. Test for flammable gases. a. If the meter reading is less than 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL), continue entry preparations. b. If the meter reading is above 10% of the LEL, continue ventilation of the confined space. Then shut off the ventilation and have the atmosphere re-tested. c. If the meter reading is still above 10% of the LEL, the confined space must be cleaned before entry is permitted. If the confined space must be entered for cleaning purposes, the procedures outlined in Section 28.6 of this Manual must be followed. N. Test for toxics. a. If a toxic atmosphere is present, no person should be permitted to enter the confined space at a level exceeding the Permissible Exposure Limit without proper Personal Protective Equipment. b. Assemble all personnel involved and review rescue procedures. The entry supervisor will then add any needed information, then complete and sign the permit. c. Notify the department manager or supervisor that entry is commencing. If department manager or supervisor is unavailable, notify the department superintendent. O. Utilizing Safety Equipment Where practical, all personnel entering a confined space should be equipped with a retrieval line secured at one end to the entrant by a full-body harness with its other end secured to a tripod lifting hoist. P. Atmospheric Testing Procedures a. All the manufacturer's operating instructions must be followed. b. The test equipment should be tested in a known atmosphere to ensure its accuracy. c. Ventilation equipment must be shut off before conducting any atmospheric tests. d. The atmosphere must be tested at the bottom, top, and middle of all confined spaces. e. The atmosphere must be continuously monitored while work is being conducted in the confined space. f. If the confined space is left for any reason, the atmosphere must be re-tested before re-entering the space. 28.6 Confined Space Cleaning Procedures If cleaning must be conducted in a confined space to achieve acceptable atmospheric conditions, the following procedures must be followed: A. All entrants must be equipped with the proper safety equipment. B. All entrants must be equipped with a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). C. No spark-producing tools will be allowed for use. 97IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 28.7 Rescue Procedures In the event of an emergency, the attendant should: A. Immediately summons the Fire Department, dial 911. B. Attempt to remove the victim by use of the retrieval line from outside the confined space if this can be accomplished without creating further hazard for the entrant or the attendant. C. If the attendant can remove the victim with the retrieval line, the attendant should administer aid within the limits of training until emergency medical services (EMS) arrive. D. If the attendant is unable to remove the victim by using the retrieval line, then the attendant must wait for help to arrive. The attendant is not to enter the confined space for any reason. E. Give EMS personnel all information they request. 28.8 Personnel Responsibilities and Training Everyone involved in a confined-space entry project has certain responsibilities and requires a certain amount of training. All employees must be familiar with their individual responsibilities. This section outlines the responsibilities and training requirements of the following positions involved in a project: A. Risk& Safety Manager a. Review and update CCUA's Confined Space Entry Program b. Ensure compliance with standards set forth in the program by periodic inspection of entry sites and cancel permits where unsafe conditions are present c. Assist department managers and supervisors with: • Providing training as set forth in the program • Identification of confined spaces • Identification of spaces that require a permit for entry • Labeling Permit-Required Confined Spaces • Performing a single annual review covering all entries performed during a 12- month period to ensure employees participating in entry operations are protected from confined space hazards B. Supervisors a. Identifying confined spaces within facilities or areas under their control b. Identifying hazards within a confined space under their control c. Documenting that all training requirements for a specific confined space entry have been met by signing the pre-entry authorization space on the entry permit C. Entry Supervisors a. Ensuring that the required atmospheric tests are performed at the confined space and results recorded on the permit prior to entry authorization b. Obtaining and maintaining all equipment necessary to complete the confined-space entry project c. Authorize entry by signing the Entry Authorization space on the entry permit after all conditions for a safe entry have been met d. Terminating the entry and canceling the permit when: • Entry operations covered by the entry permit have been completed 98 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL • A condition that is not allowed under the entry permit arises in or near the permit space. e. Determining whenever responsibility for a permit space entry operation is transferred, and at intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed within the space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of the entry permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained D. Authorized Entrants a. The knowledge of hazards that may be faced during entry, including the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure b. Proper use of equipment, which includes: • Atmospheric testing and monitoring equipment • Ventilating equipment needed to obtain acceptable entry conditions • Communication equipment necessary to maintain contact with the attendant. • Personal protective equipment as needed • Lighting equipment as needed • Barriers and shields as needed • Equipment, such as ladders, needed for safe ingress and egress • Rescue and emergency equipment as needed • Any other equipment necessary for safe entry into and rescue from permit spaces • Communication with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to monitor entrant status and to enable the attendant to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space if required c. Alert the attendant (standby person) whenever: • The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation • The entrant detects a prohibited condition d. Exit the permit space as quickly as possible whenever: • An order to evacuate has been given by the attendant or the entry supervisor • The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation • The entrant detects a prohibited condition E. Attendants a. Knowing the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of exposure b. Awareness of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants c. Continuously maintaining an accurate count of authorized entrants in the permit space and ensuring that the means used to identify authorized entrants accurately identifies who is in the permit space d. Remains outside the permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant e. Attempting non-entry rescue if proper equipment is in place and the rescue attempt will not present further hazards to the entrant or attendant f. Communicating with authorized entrants as necessary to monitor entrant status and to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space when conditions warrant 99IPage CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL g. Monitoring activities inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the space and ordering the authorized entrants to evacuate the permit space immediately under any of the following conditions: • If the attendant detects a prohibited condition • If the attendant detects the behavioral effects of hazard exposure in an authorized entrant • If the attendant detects a situation outside the space that could endanger the authorized entrants • If the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all the duties required by this program h. Summoning rescue and other emergency services as soon as the attendant determines that authorized entrants may need assistance to escape from permit space hazards i. Taking the following actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space while entry is underway: • Warning the unauthorized persons that they must stay away from the permit space • Advising the unauthorized persons that they must exit immediately if they have entered the permit space • Informing the authorized entrants and the entry supervisor if unauthorized persons have entered the permit space • Performing no duties that might interfere with the attendant's primary duty to monitor and protect the authorized entrants 28.9 Definitions Related to Confined Space Entry A. Attendant: A person designated by the entry supervisor in charge of entry to remain outside the confined space and to be in constant communication with the personnel working inside the confined space. B. Authorized Entrant: A person who is approved or assigned by the employer in charge of the entry to perform a specific type of duty or duties or to be at a specific location at the job site. C. Bonding: The joining of two or more items with an electrical conductor so that all ends joined have the same electrical charge or potential. D. Entry: The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of an opening into the space. E. Entry Permit: The written or printed document that is provided by the employer to allow and control entry into a permit space and that contains the information specified in this program. F. Entry Supervisor: Department supervisor or the designated representative (such as the foreman or crew chief) responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this program. NOTE: An entry supervisor also may serve as an attendant or as an authorized entrant, if that person is trained and equipped as required by this program for each role he/she fills. Also, the duties of entry supervisor may be passed from one individual to another during entry operation. 100 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL G. Hazardous Atmosphere: An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space), injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes: • Flammable gas, vapor, or mist more than 10% of its lower flammable limit(LFL). • Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL. NOTE: This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at 5 feet or less. • Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 21.5% • Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a dose or a permissible exposure limit is published in Subpart G, Occupational Health and Environmental Control, or in Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, of 29 CFR 1910 and that could result in employee exposure more than its dose or permissible exposure limit NOTE: An atmospheric concentration of any substance that is not capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effects is not covered by this provision. • Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health NOTE: For air contaminants for which OSHA has not determined a dose or permissible exposure limit, other sources of information, such as Safety Data Sheets that comply with the Hazard Communication Standard, section 1910.1200, published information, and internal documents can provide guidance in establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions. H. Hot Work: Any work involving burning, welding, or similar fire-producing operations. Also, any work that produces a source of ignition, such as grinding, drilling, or heating. I. Hot Work Permit: The employer's written authorization to perform operations (for example, riveting, welding, cutting, burning, and heating) capable of providing a source of ignition. J. Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat of loss of life, may result in irreversible or immediate severe health effects, may result in eye damage/irritation, or other condition that could impair escape from a confined space. K. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The minimum concentration of a combustible gas or vapor in air that will ignite if an ignition source is introduced. L. Oxygen-Deficient Atmosphere: An atmosphere that contains an oxygen concentration of less than 19.5%by volume. M. Oxygen-Enriched Atmosphere: An atmosphere that contains an oxygen concentration greater than 21.5%by volume. N. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Any devices or clothing worn by the employee to protect against hazards in the environment. Examples are respirators, gloves, and chemical splash goggles. O. Permissible Exposure Level (PEL): Concentration of a substance to which an individual may be exposed repeatedly without adverse effect. P. Purging: The removal of gases or vapors from a confined space by the process of displacement. Q. Standby Person (Attendant): A person designated by the department entry supervisor in charge of entry to remain outside the confined space and to be in constant communication with the personnel working inside the confined space. 101 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 29 - FORKLIFT SAFETY This program contains safety requirements relating to maintenance and use of forklifts, fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, and other specialized industrial trucks powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines. Only trained and authorized operators shall be permitted to operate a powered industrial truck. Unauthorized personnel shall not be permitted to ride on powered industrial trucks. A safe place to ride shall be provided where riding of trucks is authorized. Modifications and additions which affect safe operation shall not be performed by the user without manufacturers' prior written approval. Operation, and maintenance instruction plates, tags, or decals shall be updated accordingly. If the truck is equipped with front-end attachments other than factory installed attachments, the user shall request that the truck be marked to identify the attachments and show the approximate weight of the truck and attachment combination at maximum elevation with load laterally centered. The user shall see that all nameplates and markings are in place and are maintained in a legible condition. Fork trucks shall not be driven up to anyone standing in front of a bench or other fixed object. No person shall be allowed to stand or pass under the elevated portion of any truck, whether loaded or empty. Do not place arms or legs between the uprights of the mast or outside the running lines of the truck. When a powered industrial truck is left unattended, load engaging means shall be fully lowered, controls shall be neutralized, power shall be shut off, and brakes set. Wheels shall be blocked if the truck is parked on an incline. A powered industrial truck is unattended when the operator is 25 ft. or more away from the vehicle which remains in his view or whenever the operator leaves the vehicle, and it is not in his view. When the operator of an industrial truck is dismounted and within 25 ft. of the truck still in his view, the load engaging means shall be fully lowered, controls neutralized, and the brakes set to prevent movement. 102 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 29.1 Traveling A. All traffic regulations shall be observed, including authorized speed limits. A safe distance shall be maintained, approximately three truck lengths from the truck ahead, and the truck shall be kept under control at all times. B. The right of way shall be yielded to ambulances, fire trucks, or other vehicles in emergency situations. C. Other trucks traveling in the same direction at intersections, blind spots, or other dangerous locations shall not be passed. D. The driver is required to slow down and sound the horn at cross aisles and other locations where vision is obstructed. If the load being carried obstructs forward view, the driver shall be required to travel with the load trailing. E. The driver is required to look in the direction of and keep a clear view of the path of travel. F. Grades shall be ascended or descended slowly. G. When ascending or descending grades more than 10 percent, loaded trucks shall be driven with the load upgrade. H. On all grades the load and load engaging means shall be tilted back if applicable and raised only as far as necessary to clear the road surface. I. Under all travel conditions the truck shall be operated at a speed that will permit it to be brought to a stop in a safe manner. J. Stunt driving and horseplay is not permitted. K. The driver is required to slow down for wet and slippery floors. L. Running over loose objects on the roadway surface shall be avoided. M. While negotiating turns, speed shall be reduced to a safe level by means of turning the hand steering wheel in a smooth, sweeping motion. Except when maneuvering at a very low speed, the hand steering wheel shall be turned at a moderate, even rate. 29.2 Loading A. Only stable or safely arranged loads shall be handled. Caution shall be exercised when handling off- center loads which cannot be centered. B. Only loads within the rated capacity of the truck shall be handled. C. The long or high(including multiple-tiered) loads which may affect capacity shall be adjusted. D. Trucks equipped with attachments shall be operated as partially loaded trucks when not handling a load. E. Extreme care shall be used when tilting the load forward or backward, particularly when high tiering. Tilting forward with load engaging means elevated shall be prohibited except to pick up a load. An elevated load shall not be tilted forward except when the load is in a deposit position over a rack or stack. When stacking or tiering, only enough backward tilt to stabilize the load shall be used. 29.3 Operation of the Truck A. If at any time a powered industrial truck is found to need repair, defective, or in any way unsafe, the truck shall be taken out of service until it has been restored to safe operating condition. B. Fuel tanks shall not be filled while the engine is running. Spillage shall be avoided. 103 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL C. Spillage of oil or fuel shall be carefully washed away or completely evaporated and the fuel tank cap replaced before restarting engine. D. No truck shall be operated with a leak in the fuel system until the leak has been corrected. E. Open flames shall not be used for checking electrolyte level in storage batteries or gasoline level in fuel tanks. 29.4 Maintenance of Industrial Trucks A. Any power-operated industrial truck not in safe operating condition shall be removed from service. All repairs shall be made by authorized personnel only. B. Those repairs to the fuel and ignition systems of industrial trucks which involve fire hazards shall be conducted only in locations designated for such repairs. C. Trucks in need of repairs to the electrical system shall have the battery disconnected prior to such repairs. D. All parts of any such industrial truck requiring replacement shall be replaced only by parts equivalent as to safety with those used in the original design. E. Industrial trucks shall not be altered so that the relative positions of the various parts are different from what they were when originally received from the manufacturer, nor shall they be altered either by the addition of extra parts not provided by the manufacturer or by the elimination of any parts. Additional counterweighting of fork trucks shall not be done unless approved by the truck manufacturer. F. Industrial trucks shall be examined before being placed in service and shall not be placed in service if the examination shows any condition adversely affecting the safety of the vehicle. Such examination shall be made at least daily. Where industrial trucks are used on a round-the-clock basis, they shall be examined after each shift. Defects when found shall be immediately reported and corrected. G. When the temperature of any part of any truck is found to be more than its normal operating temperature, thus creating a hazardous condition, the vehicle shall be removed from service and not returned to service until the cause for such overheating has been eliminated. H. Industrial trucks shall be kept in a clean condition, free of lint, excess oil, and grease. Noncombustible agents should be used for cleaning trucks. Low flash point (below 100 deg. F.) I solvents shall not be used. High flash point (at or above 100 deg. F.) solvents may be used. Precautions regarding toxicity, ventilation, and fire hazard shall be consonant with the agent or solvent used. 29.5 Training All operators will be trained on the contents of this program: A. Before initial assignment B. At least annually thereafter C. When an operator is involved in an incident with a fork truck 104 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 30 — HEAVY EQUIPMENT Often the safety of actual equipment is intertwined with the safety of the work being performed. It is hard to separate the two variables because unsafe equipment equals an unsafe site, and site hazards can affect the safety of equipment. Operators of heavy equipment must be well trained and must know the hazards associated with heavy equipment operations. Heavy equipment operators are responsible for reporting and maintaining the unit assigned or temporarily operated. It is required that all operators be trained as follows: A. Explanation and demonstration of all control devices. B. Explanation and demonstration of all safety equipment. C. Demonstration of Operation. D. Road test of the equipment,prior to assignment. 30.1 Driving and Operating A. Before starting any equipment, be certain that it has been inspected and serviced according to the regular schedule. B. Sweep and maintain operator's area/cab; clean of all cups, cans, trash, etc. while maintaining all glass, mirrors, and instrumentation clean. C. When mounting and dismounting equipment maintain three (3) points of contact. Use handholds, rails, and steps. Do not jump from equipment. D. Seatbelts are to be worn when equipment is in operation. E. Use the buddy system to assist with directing vehicle movement when blind spots impede view, such as when backing up a large piece of equipment. F. Heavy Equipment should be equipped with a loud reverse alarm. G. Triple check that all individuals and co-workers are clear of the area before dumping a load of materials or other machinery from a piece of heavy equipment. H. Never exceed a manufacturer's specified limits, capacity or load. If this information is unavailable or unknown, employees should notify their supervisor to confirm obtain this information. I. All employees should wear reflective protective clothing and signs that are highly visible should be set up in a way to discourage non-employees from entering a site. J. Never forget one simple rule: parking brakes. Easy to operate and can save lives. K. Before hooking up equipment, make sure any attachments are lowered, the shift lever is in neutral, and the brakes are set. L. Never leave a machine on an incline with the engine running. Vibration may put the machine into motion. M. Never allow people to ride on the equipment: one seat, one seatbelt, one rider. N. When operating equipment on an active road, display flashing lights and a slow vehicle triangle. O. When working near trees, watch for dead branches ("widow-makers") above the equipment. P. Use great care when working near the edges of cuts or fills. Q. Most mobile equipment is required to be Roll Over Protection equipped. Be sure equipment is properly equipped. 105 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 30.2 Maintenance and Repair A. Shut off engines during refueling. B. Shut off equipment before making repairs. C. When equipment is under repair, place a sign "Under Repair" in the seat, remove the start key, or lockout the controls. 30.3 Parking and Security A. Equipment must be returned to the facility or proper place of storage at the end of each workday. The Department Head has the authority to make an exception based on the duration and security of the project. The equipment is to be locked, all master switches turned off and every precaution taken to prevent the theft or damage of equipment. B. Always lower attachments and set the parking brake before dismounting the equipment. C. Always set the brake, lower the equipment, and place the shift lever in neutral at the end of each work shift. D. Secure the equipment when finished for the day. Make sure it is not impeding traffic. If the equipment impedes traffic, place barricades equipped with lights around the equipment to alert the public of the obstruction. Lock the equipment. 30.4 Safety Rules for Working Around Heavy Equipment A. Keep clear of all moving equipment. B. Never assume the operator knows where you are or where you are going. C. Keep an eye on moving equipment at all times. D. Watch out for and stay clear of pinch points, earth-moving equipment, and cranes. E. Take caution to all equipment swing radius and remain clear. F. When walking around a piece of heavy equipment, alert the operator to stop the machine before walking by. G. Always stay out from under loads on cranes or hoists — even if this means taking the long way around. H. Avoid walking behind a piece of equipment that is backing up. I. Never walk beside moving equipment or ride on its running board or drawbar. 30.5 Crane and Rigging A. Crane Operators are responsible for: a. Inspecting the crane on a regular basis. b. Report any unsafe conditions. c. Knowing the weight of loads prior to lifting. d. Ensure the load, rigging, procedures, and lifts are safe to use. B. Pre-Lift General Requirements: a. Manufacture's lifting procedures and methods shall be observed at all times. b. No modifications or additions which affect the CCUA, or safe operations of the equipment, shall be made by anyone without the manufacturer's written approval. 106 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL c. Inspect all rigging devices before use. Follow manufacturer's capacities and recommendations. d. The area where an overhead lift is made will be barricaded if personnel can have access and walk under the load. C. Rigging General Requirements: a. Wire rope, hooks, slings, and sheaves shall be inspected initially when purchased or received and before each use for evidence of overloading, excessive wear, or damage (broken wires, kinking, crushing, cutting, corrosion from heat, weather, or chemical attack). Defective equipment shall not be used, and proper lockout tagout procedure be followed. 107 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 31 —VEHICLE SAFETY All drivers of CCUA vehicles, and those using their personal vehicle for CCUA business, will comply with all applicable federal and state laws as well as any additional CCUA policies and regulations. Drivers are required to carry and possess a valid Florida driver's license at all times when operating motor vehicles. Employees are required to immediately report the suspension or revocation of their license to their supervisor. Failure of any employee to report a change in license status may result in disciplinary action in accordance with the CCUA Employee Handbook. Consumption of alcoholic beverages or narcotics (prescribed or non-prescribed), prior to or during the operation of a vehicle, is strictly prohibited. Non-CCUA employees are prohibited from riding in CCUA vehicles without obtaining prior authorization from the Executive Director. These rules may be updated periodically and may be amended, as necessary. Refer to the CCUA Employee Handbook for additional rules, regulations, and expectations regarding operation of CCUA vehicles. 31.1 Pre-trip Safety A. Before initial use of any vehicle each day, the driver will walk around and inspect the vehicle for damage, inoperable lights, loose hardware, under inflated tires, or any other condition which may create an unsafe situation. It is the driver's responsibility to see that a vehicle is in safe operating condition. B. Do not drive when feeling ill, fatigued, or impaired by the consumption of alcohol, prescription drugs, or over-the-counter medications. The employee driving is responsible for any accident which may occur because of these conditions. C. The vehicle registration and valid insurance ID card shall be stored in the vehicles at all times. D. The maximum number of passengers riding in a vehicle shall not exceed the number of seat belts/seating space prescribed. E. No CCUA vehicle is to be left unattended with ignition key left in the ignition. All CCUA vehicles will be locked when not in use. F. Any deficiency encountered will be reported to a supervisor immediately. It will be the supervisor's responsibility to ensure that appropriate action is taken to correct the problem. G. All drivers are subject to periodic review of their driving ability and driving records. 31.2 Safe Operation A. Safety belts will be worn at all times by driver and all passenger(s) in CCUA vehicles. B. Turn signals will be utilized by all drivers in ample time to warn oncoming or following vehicles of the intent. C. Except in authorized emergencies,posted speed limits will be strictly adhered to. D. Drivers will direct their full attention to driving only. E. Per state law, during periods of limited visibility or any time windshield wipers are in use, the vehicle headlights will be turned on. 108 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL F. Employees are specifically prohibited from accessing electronic mail or the Internet, text messaging, or instant messaging while driving. This includes composing, sending, or reading an electronic message while operating a vehicle on the roadway. However, this prohibition does not apply to employees engaging in electronic communications via their cellular telephones in hands-free or voice-activated mode; while parked on the shoulder of a roadway; or when a vehicle is stopped due to normal traffic being obstructed and the driver has the motor vehicle transmission in neutral or park. G. Driver will ensure that the windows, headlights, taillights, and windshield wipers are clean and operational at all times. H. CCUA vehicles are not to park in "NO PARKING" zones except in emergency situations or in required performance of official duties. When a vehicle is parked in a "NO PARKING" zone, emergency strobe lights and flashers will be turned on. I. Backing up vehicles without a clear view behind the vehicle will be done only with the assistance of a guide. If another employee is in the vehicle, that employee will get out and guide the vehicle back using standardized hand and voice signals. If the driver is alone, the driver will get out of the vehicle and inspect the area behind before backing. Again, strict caution is to be observed. J. Riding on the sides, toolboxes, tailgates, or roof of any truck is prohibited. Riders will be seated only in the intended areas with seatbelts engaged. K. Riding on running boards of trucks is prohibited. L. Trailers are to be fastened securely to hitches. Safety pins in pintel locks will be used. Safety chains will be crossed under the hitch and securely fastened before moving the vehicle. Trailer lights will be connected and checked for proper operation. M. Transported items that may move around during transport, will be secured. N. No passenger(s) are allowed in the box or bed of any pickup or other truck. O. Tailgates will be up and locked when vehicles are in motion. If a vehicle's function requires that the tailgate remain in the open position, red flags will be attached to the outward corners of the gate. P. If the vehicle does not have a tailgate, but is loaded, the driver of the vehicle will ensure that the load is secure on the truck and that overhangs are properly marked in accordance with applicable state and local laws. Q. Operation of any motor vehicle on CCUA property requires that the motor vehicle yields the right of way to pedestrians and safe speed is maintained and not to exceed 15 mph. 31.3 Preventative Maintenance All drivers, through their supervisors, are responsible for ensuring that their vehicle is in a safe operating condition. It is important to: A. Report defective equipment to your supervisor. Do not operate vehicles with makeshift repairs. B. Test the brakes periodically to ensure they are being ready for an emergency. Do not operate any vehicle with faulty brakes. Report this condition to your supervisor. C. Give special attention to the vehicle's windshield, windows, wipers, and lights. Make sure they are always clean and in good working order. D. It is the driver's responsibility to check and ensure all fluids meet specified operating levels. E. It is the driver's and supervisor's responsibility to ensure upkeep and minor repair of vehicles/equipment are properly utilized to minimize unscheduled downtime. 109 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 32 — MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC Whenever operations are taking place in streets, parkways, sidewalks, or other places where citizens as well as employees may be endangered, the crew on the work site is as responsible for the safety of the public in this type of operation as for getting the job done. Ample time must be spent before, during and after the work to protect employees and the public from the hazard(s) created by this work. If street construction or repair work is to be done, preparations will be made to assure vehicle and pedestrian safety before such work is allowed to begin. If traffic is affected by the operation, proper signing must be used to warn drivers and pedestrians in advance of the work area. Traffic control signs in and around the affected area are to be correctly placed and maintained through the period when the work is being performed and traffic obstructions exist. When barricades and signs are used overnight, the work area will be examined for proper placement at the end of the workday. Lighted barricades will be used whenever possible for overnight protection. In any case where streets are significantly obstructed or closed for any period, the Police Department and Fire Department will need to be notified in advance of the situation and told approximately how long the closure will be in effect. 32.1 Employee Safety ° A. When traffic must be periodically stopped or obstructed by employees or equipment in the traveled portion of a roadway, a flagman wearing protective orange or green vest will be stationed at the appropriate area for purposes of directing traffic. B. All employees in or near the roadway will wear reflective vests over their clothing while at the work site. C. Flagmen will be used to slow or stop traffic where the approach to the work area does provide adequate visibility to drivers. 32.2 Pedestrian Safety A. When pedestrian traffic is impeded due to work being performed, barricades, restrictive tape, rope, or other restraint will be used to warn the public and guide them around the restricted work area. B. If pedestrian traffic must be routed off sidewalk and into the street, protection will be provided by cones, barricades, and signs, to guard from vehicular traffic. C. Holes in the sidewalk or parkway which must be left open will be covered whenever possible along with perimeter protection. Use due caution to prevent accidental entry into an area that has the exposure of the open hole. D. When an unusual situation exists that cannot be easily resolved, or when personal injury or damage to equipment or property occurs as a result of operations, contact the responsible supervisor and the Risk& Safety Manager immediately. 110 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 33 — HAZARDOUS COMMUNICATION STANDARD The purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), also known as HAZCOM and informally referred to as the "Right-to-Know" law, is an information and training standard used to ensure that the physical and health hazards of all chemicals produced, stored or used are evaluated, and that information concerning their hazards is available to employees. This standard applies to all work operations where there is exposure to hazardous chemicals that are known to be present in the workplace in such a manner that employees may be exposed under normal conditions of use or in a foreseeable emergency. The mere presence of a hazardous chemical in the workplace does not trigger coverage under the HCS. There must be actual or potential exposure to an employee. Chemicals come in various forms and can affect those exposed in different ways. A chemical can take the form of a mist, vapor, liquid, dust, fume or gas. The type of chemical, the way it is used, and the form that it takes determine its effect and what should be done to avoid harmful exposure. Consumer products are not covered by this standard to the extent that the use of the products results in a duration and frequency of exposure that is not greater than that which could reasonably be experienced by consumers. Each Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Inspection Station must have available in at least one location a book containing all pertinent SDS. When new chemicals or hazards are introduced into the working environment, the supervisor or competent person introducing the new chemical or hazard must update the SDS and add new SDS to the SDS Book within 30 days and submit a copy of the SDS to the Risk& Safety Manager to add to or update the Master SDS Book. See Appendix "D" for a Sample SDS Request Letter and Appendix "E" for a list of SDS Inspection Stations. 33.1 Container Labeling The supervisor or competent person will be responsible for all containers of hazardous chemicals entering the workplace and will assure that the chemical containers are properly labeled with: • Product Identifier(Product Name and Code) • Hazard Pictograms & Signal Word(Danger Warnings) • Precautionary Statements • Hazard Statement(s) • Name, address and phone number of the manufacturer or responsible party No container(s)will be used until it has been checked,by the supervisor, designee, or competent person and an SDS is in file. If the chemical is to be transferred to a separate container, the supervisor or competent person will ensure that the new container is properly labeled, i.e., that all secondary containers are labeled with an extra copy of the original manufacturer's label or with generic labels which have a block for identity and blocks for the hazard warning. The supervisor or competent person will ensure that the contents of material has been properly identified. The employees are to be informed of the hazards associated with chemicals contained in material within the work areas. 33.2 Safety Data Sheets (SDS) The employee making the purchase is responsible for obtaining the SDS for the chemical(s)purchased. The departments will maintain the SDS system at their office location. The Supervisor or competent person will review incoming data sheets for new and significant health and safety information and will ensure that the new information is given to the affected employees. The supervisor or competent person will review each SDS periodically for accuracy and completeness. 111 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL A. The SDS system will include: a. Current master inventory list of all SDS indexed alphabetically and by vendor b. Identity used on the SDS shall be the same as used on the container label c. Chemical and common name of all ingredients determined to be hazardous shall appear on all SDS B. The SDS will list: a. The physical and chemical characteristics of the chemical including vapor pressure, flash point, etc. b. The fire, explosion, and reactivity hazard(s) of the chemical mixture including the boiling point, flash point and auto ignition temperature c. Health hazards of the chemical mixture including signs and symptoms of exposure and medical conditions recognized as aggravated by exposure with primary route(s) of entry. d. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) or any other exposure limit used or recommended by the manufacturer, importer, or employer. e. Whether on carcinogen listing (NTP) or has been found to be a potential carcinogen (IARC listing)or by OSHA. £ Control measures including fire, engineering,proper personal protective equipment. g. General precautions for safe handling and use including protective measures during repair and maintenance and procedures for clean-up of spills and leaks. h. Emergency and first aid procedures. i. Date prepared or changed. j. Name, address, telephone numbers of manufacturer, importer, or responsible party to call in an emergency. k. The SDS will be available for use by employees. New chemicals will not be used until a SDS has been obtained and reviewed for health hazards by the supervisor or competent person. 33.3 Employee Training and Education Before starting work, the supervisor of a new employee will go over their copy of the HCS and each SDS applicable to their job, i.e., handouts, video tapes, etc. Before any new chemical is produced, used, or stored, all affected employees will be instructed on safe use and hazards associated with the new chemical. All employees will attend additional training, as appropriate, to review the HCS and SDS. Appropriate reference material will also be discussed during the training session(s). The minimum orientation and training for a new employee are as follows: A. An overview of the requirements contained in the HCS and SDS. B. Chemicals present in their workplace operations. C. Location and availability of the HCS. D. Physical and health effects of the hazardous chemicals listed on the inventory list of this program. E. Methods and observation techniques used to determine the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the work area. F. How to lessen or prevent exposure to these hazardous chemicals through usage of control/work practices and personal protective equipment. G. Steps taken to lessen or prevent exposure to the chemicals listed on the inventory list. H. Emergency procedures to follow if exposed to any chemicals, and location of SDS files and location of hazardous inventory list. 112 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Before entering an establishment, the supervisor or competent person will ascertain what hazards employees may be exposed to and then take appropriate action to protect the employees. If the employee has any question about what protection is needed, they should contact their supervisor or competent person immediately. ' 33.4 Non-Routine Tasks Before any non-routine task is performed, employees must be advised and/or they must contact the supervisor or competent person for special precautions to follow and the supervisor or competent person shall inform any other personnel who could be exposed. A. If such tasks are required, the supervisor or competent person will provide the following information about such activity as it relates to the specific chemicals expected to be encountered: a. Specific chemical name(s) and hazard(s). b. Protective personal equipment required and safety measures to be taken. c. Measures that have been taken to lessen the hazards including ventilation, respirators, presence of other employee(s), and emergency procedures. B. The following chemicals are regulated by OSHA as carcinogens in substance specific standards that include labeling requirements, as of 2003: a. Asbestos b. 4-Nitrobiphenyl c. Alpha-Naphthylamine o d. Methyl chloromethyl ether e. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) f. Bis-Chloromethyl ether g. Beta-Naphthylamine h. Benzidine i. 4-Aminodiphenyl j. Ethyleneimine k. Beta-Propiolactone 1. 2-Acetylaminofluorene m. 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene n. N-Nitroso dimethylamine o. Vinyl chloride p. Inorganic arsenic q. Cadmium r. Benzene s. Coke oven emissions t. 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane u. Acrylonitrile v. Ethylene oxide w. Formaldehyde x. Methylenedianiline y. 1,3-Butadiene z. Methylene Chloride 113 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 33.5 Basic Safety Precautions Some basic safety precautions should be understood and followed including but not limited to: • If there is a leak or spill, keep away from the area, unless you know what the chemical is and how to safely clean it up. Know where emergency protective equipment and supplies are stored and how to use them. • Use appropriate protective clothing and equipment (glasses, aprons, boots, gloves, etc.) as required or as necessary. • If the clothing becomes contaminated by the chemical, shower or wash the skin areas exposed. Change and decontaminate clothing (or dispose of clothing if it is designed to single use). • Do not take contaminated clothing home to be laundered. Doing so could expose others to the contaminant. • When working with chemicals, always wash hands thoroughly before eating. If necessary, shower and change clothes before going home. • Never take food into the work area where chemicals are being used or stored. • If work will be done in an area where there is a possibility of exposure to toxic substances, use a buddy system or establish an emergency communication system. An employee can be dangerously exposed or overcome by a chemical and need immediate assistance. • Keep the workplace clean to reduce the risk of contamination. Where possible, wipe up and absorb the contaminant, using proper protective equipment as required. Clean up spills immediately and dispose of contaminated material properly. Some chemicals a vacuum is recommended for cleanup rather than a broom or compressed air. The idea is to collect and confine the contaminant, not just spread it around. o 33.6 Spill Response Spills in the workplace cause hazards from slips and falls, exposure to the spilled material and accidental release into the environment. Know the proper storage, handling, use and spill response for the materials in the workplace. • If an employee finds or causes a spill, immediately notify the supervisor and co-workers in the area. • If the spilled material is flammable or volatile, shut off flame sources and air the area out, if it is safe to do so. • If possible, protect floor drains or outside access areas from the spill. Cordon off the spill area to prevent further access and potential exposures. • If the employee(s) was exposed to the spilled material, use emergency eye washes or showers for at least 15 minutes, get to a well-ventilated area and seek medical attention if needed. • Generally, spills of one cup or less can be wiped up with paper toweling or absorbent spill kit materials. Spills of approximately one gallon can be cleaned up with spill kit materials such as spill socks, pads, or absorbents. If using loose, absorbent materials, spread them around the spill and work toward the inside to reduce splashing or spreading the spill. Spills over 2 gallons in size may require emergency cleanup from a worksite spill response team or an outside resource. • Use a brush or broom and a scoop or dustpan to gather spill absorbents and soaked towels, socks or pillows. • Decontaminate the floor, tools, and other surfaces that were exposed to the spill. • Place used spill response materials, including contaminated PPE and other items, in a double plastic bag and then place the bag inside a plastic or metal drum. Label these materials as hazardous waste along with the date and the materials that were spilled. • Arrange for proper storage and disposal of all spill materials. 114 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 34 - COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDER (CGC) SAFETY Compressed or liquefied gas cylinders are often used to store chemicals for industrial purposes. The compression of the chemicals allows for a large quantity of material to be stored in a relatively small space. Because cylinder contents are under high pressure (up to 2,500 pounds per square inch, or psi), there can be physical and chemical hazards involved with the use of compressed gas cylinders. Cylinders range in size from table-top lecture bottles to bottles that are almost 5 feet tall and weigh 155 pounds. When in proper working order, cylinders are fitted with valves and regulators to control the release of the contents. When there is a failure of the valve or when the cylinder is damaged or punctured, the pressurized contents can release violently. This sudden release can propel a cylinder up into the air 3/4 of a mile, or along the ground up to 30 miles per hour. The energy released may also cause the cylinder to spin, ricochet, or even crash through brick walls. Uncontrolled releases from gas cylinders can pose a severe physical hazard. The contents of compressed gas cylinders can also pose a chemical hazard if they are accidentally released. Gases may be cryogenic, flammable, combustible, explosive, oxidizing, corrosive, toxic, poisonous or inert. The sudden release of these materials can create fire and explosion dangers, employee exposure to toxic or poisonous gases, or even asphyxiation (suffocation) danger if the released gas displaces room air. Employees should have the necessary training and information on the proper storage, handling, usage and disposal of gas cylinders. Employees should also read the Safety Data Sheet on the chemical components of the gas cylinders to understand the chemical properties, required personal protective equipment, health hazards, appropriate first aid, and proper cleanup procedures. To use a gas cylinder, clear the valves of any dust or dirt before attaching the regulator. Some regulators are intended for specific gases and should not be interchanged. Connection fittings should not be forced and safety devices in cylinder valves or regulators should not be altered. Cylinders should be placed with the valve accessible at all times. When opening the valve to a cylinder, the employee should stand off to the side and open it slowly. Valves should never be left partly open—they should be opened all the way or closed. Leaking cylinders should be immediately removed from service and the work environment, if it is safe to do so. Cylinders should be serviced and refilled only by trained and authorized supply contractors. Gas cylinders should be properly labeled with their contents. The contents should be stenciled on the cylinder or printed on a label. The color of a cylinder is not an indication of what material is in it, as color coding is not standardized. When cylinders are empty, the valve should be closed and capped and the tank should be labeled"empty." Proper storage of gas cylinders is paramount to safety. Secure each cylinder individually to a stable object. Chains, straps or cages should be used and fixed at approximately 2/3 the height of the cylinder. Cylinders should be stored upright in an assigned, well-ventilated area away from other incompatible materials, sources of flame or heat, or possible damage. Empty and full cylinders should be stored separately. Store cylinders in the order in which they were received so oldest cylinders are used first. To prevent the main cylinder valve from being damaged or broken, the protective cap should be kept in place whenever the cylinder is not in use. Never allow a cylinder to lie flat during transit or at any time. Cylinders should not be dragged, carried, rolled, or slid across the floor. When transporting cylinders, ensure they are not able to bump into each other; remove regulators and install valve protection caps, and ensure that they are hand tight; and close the cylinder valves. To move a large cylinder, a hand truck should be used. The cylinder should be moved individually and should be secured to the hand truck with the protective cap in place at all times. 115 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 35 - CHARGING AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES Explosive hydrogen....Acidic liquids and vapors....Electrical burns....Strains, sprains, hernias and compressed discs. All of these hazards arise when servicing, charging, or jumping the common lead-acid battery found in cars and trucks. Following a few safety rules can minimize these hazards. Eye Protection: First, always wear safety goggles and a face shield when working around a battery. Batteries contain corrosive acids that are capable of eating away metals. It takes just one droplet to cause serious eye damage. Just popping open the vent cap may throw out a droplet. A short or faulty regulator can cause the electrolyte to boil, releasing acid vapors. A fault within the battery could cause it to explode, throwing fragments of the case and acid. Fire Protection: Lead-acid batteries produce flammable hydrogen gas while being charged. This highly explosive gas, generated within the cells, will expand and seep out of the vent caps. A cigarette or spark from any source could ignite the gas, causing the battery to explode. Always charge in a well-ventilated area. Remember too that the battery is receiving a charge and releasing hydrogen when the car is running, not just when hooked up to a battery charger. Jump Starting: Dead batteries in cars and trucks are not uncommon,particularly in winter. The first thought is to get a jump-start. When jumping a battery, remember the following safeguards: 1. Be sure all electrical equipment is off. If you connect the jumper battery while a load is being drawn, a spark could occur. 2. Check the battery fluid level. If the plates are exposed, add water until they are covered. Never add acid. 3. Make sure both batteries are of the same voltage. 4. Make sure vent caps are in place to prevent electrolyte splash. 5. Use good quality jumper cables with at least 10-gauge wire. 6. Always be sure of your polarity when arranging the jumper cables: a. Connect the first cable to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery; then attach the other end of that cable to the positive (+) terminal of the dead b. Next, attach the second cable to the negative (-) terminal of the good battery, and make the last connection to a clean metal part, such as the engine block of the car being energized, rather than to its negative battery terminal. This completes the electrical circuit as if it were connected to the dead battery, but if sparks are produced, connecting to a clean metal part serves to keep them away from any explosive battery gases. 7. Never lay tools on top of the battery. The tools could come in contact with both posts, or the positive post and a ground, creating a short. 116 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 36 — HOUSEKEEPING & ERGONOMICS The ergonomics of the workstation, work postures and work motions 36.1 General Housekeeping Good housekeeping is possibly the most visible evidence of management and employee concern for safety and health that a company displays on a day-to-day basis. Orderliness in the workplace contributes to a safe working environment by minimizing obstacles and potential safety and health threats such as slips and trip hazards. The following general housekeeping practices must be applied to all areas within the facility. A. All aisles and passageways in offices must be free and clear of obstructions. Proper layout, spacing and arrangement of equipment, furniture and machinery are essential. B. All tripping hazards must be eliminated. Some common hazards are damaged carpeting, cords in walking areas and projecting floor electrical outlet boxes. C. Chairs, files, bookcases and desks must be maintained in a safe operating condition. Filing cabinet drawers must always be kept closed when not in use. D. Materials stored in supply rooms must be safely stacked and readily accessible. Care must be taken to stack materials so that they will not topple over. Heavy objects will be stored at low levels. E. Hazardous materials must be properly handled and disposed of. A waste receptacle of hazardous material must be labeled to warn employees of the potential hazards. F. Keep work areas clean and orderly. Storage may not obstruct or adversely affect an exit. G. A clearance of 24 inches must be maintained around the path of travel of fire doors. Material must not be stored within 36 inches of a fire door opening. H. Do not place supplies on top of lockers, boxes, or other moveable containers at a height where they are not visible from the floor. I. When piling materials for storage, make sure the base is firm and level. Cross tie each layer. Keep piles even and do not stack too high. J. Clearance of at least 18 inches must be maintained between the top level of the stored material and the sprinkler heads/ceiling. Under no circumstances will materials be stacked within 18 inches of ceiling fire sprinkler heads or Halon plane of operation. K. Clearance must be maintained around lights and heating units to prevent ignition of combustible materials. L. Garbage, scrap, debris, and other trash materials are to be properly disposed of in designated containers and shall be removed on frequent and regular intervals. Containers used for garbage and other oily, flammable, or hazardous wastes shall be equipped with covers. M. Floors should be maintained clean and as dry as reasonably practicable. Liquid spills are to be cleaned up immediately. N. Equipment is to be kept clean and in good working condition. O. Tools, supplies, parts, and equipment will not be used in a manner that would be hazardous or adversely affect the work quality. P. Tools and PPE should be stored as directed by the manufacturer or in accordance with safety rules. Q. Storage of unnecessary combustibles such as cardboard boxes is discouraged. R. Every floor, working place, and passageway shall be kept free from protruding nails, splinters, loose boards and unnecessary holes and openings. 117 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL S. Never close electrical cords in doorways or windows as it creates a pinch point that can break the integrity of the cord. T. When electrical cords must be run through or across hallways or open areas, use cord covers or tape the cord to the floor to avoid a trip or safety hazard. U. Extension cords can only be used on a temporary basis and must not be installed for permanent use. Extension cords shall not be affixed to structures, extended through walls, ceilings or floors, or under doors or floor coverings, nor shall such cords be subject to environmental damage or physical impact. 36.2 Office Safety Office work can be more hazardous than is commonly thought since many accidents occur during ordinary office routines. A. Never use chairs, desks or other office furniture as a makeshift ladder. Use a step ladder or step stool and never overreach. B. Keep the blades of a paper cutter closed when not in use. C. Keep paper clips, thumb tacks and push pins in a covered container. D. Employees should ensure their desks and work areas are clean and orderly. Pick up items such as pencils and paperclips and clean up any spilled liquids. Good housekeeping is the key to a safe office environment. E. Be aware of and exercise caution when walking on rough, lose or hazardous floors or floor coverings. Loose tiles or carpeting can create a trip hazard. F. Be extra cautious when approaching a door that can be opened toward you and when pushing one open. G. Exercise caution when approaching a blind corner. H. Watch out for trip hazards such as electrical cords. I. Close all file, desk and table drawers when not in use. J. Furniture such as tables, desks and chairs must be maintained in good condition and free from sharp corners,projecting edges, wobbly legs, etc. K. Tilted chairs can be a hazard when improperly used. Take care to assure that they are in good condition. Be sure your chair is behind you before you sit down. L. Be careful and don't rush when using scissors,paper cutters and razor blades. M. Paper can cut and it hurts. Use a sponge or other wetting device for envelopes. Use rubber finger guards when working with stacks of paper. N. Be sure equipment is grounded and the power cord is in good condition. If a machine gives an electrical shock or starts smoking, unplug it and report it immediately. O. Always be alert for a top-heavy filing cabinet as it may tip over if a drawer is open. Heavy filing cabinets shall be secured to prevent tipping. P. Exercise care in opening and closing filing drawers. Never open more than one file drawer at a time and close it using the handle, making sure your fingers are clear. Never close a drawer with a knee, elbow, or any other part of the body other than the hand. Q. Do not overload the top drawer of an unsecured file cabinet. R. If unfamiliar with the file cabinet, test the drawers and be careful not to pull them out too far if there is no locking device on them. S. Never climb on open file drawers. 118 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 36.3 Ergonomics Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job conditions and demands to the employee. A mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capability of the employee can result in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) and cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) and can affect the body's bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons and nerves. Employees should report any existing discomforts that last more than a week to their supervisor. Using the following suggested ergonomic principles to properly plan jobs and tasks, use equipment and tools and ensure good job organization can help employees avoid MSDs, RSIs and CTDs: A. Invest in and use equipment that reduces or eliminates strain and injury. B. Make sure the workstation is not too high or low for the employee. C. Use a sturdy, swivel chair with five legs for stability, adjustable arms, a firm padded back and back that adjusts vertically and horizontally. D. Adjust the chair to ensure a comfortable seated position relative to the workstation. Adjust the backrest to ensure lumbar curve (lower back) support and improve posture and comfort. Adjust the chair height to ensure the employee's feet rest flat on the floor when the employee is seated. If this makes the chair too low for the desk surface, the employee can use a footrest for added support and comfort. E. Sit up straight. Poor posture can cause and inflame pain, discomfort and injuries with the employee's back, neck and shoulders. F. Adjust the table and chair so that elbows are bent at right angles and forearms are approximately parallel to the floor. G. Place the mouse on a surface close to the same height as the keyboard. H. The top of the computer monitor should be at eye level to help prevent head and neck strain. If the employee wears bifocals, the top of the monitor may be placed slightly below eye level. I. Employees entering data into computers from hard copies should use a document holder positioned next to the computer screen. This helps keep the eyes focused at the same distance and reduces eyestrain associated with changing focus from the document to the computer. J. To reduce wrist strain, keep wrists in a neutral position and use a cushioned pad or wrist rest for wrist support when working at a computer workstation. K. Position the monitor directly in front of the employee, approximately one arm's length away with the top of the screen at or slightly below eye level, tip the monitor back at an angle similar to that used when reading a book. L. If overhead lights create glare on the computer screen, place a glare screen over the monitor screen. Screen glare exists when a reflection or image of the lights or other objects are visible on the computer screen. Glare can produce eyestrain. M. Reduce screen glare by tilting the front of the screen down. Most monitors have an adjustable tilt, which should be used to keep the face of the monitor down, thus reducing glare from overhead lights. N. Avoid experiencing dry eyes from focusing on an object for long periods of time. Blink every so often and glance away from the monitor regularly to focus on a distant object. O. When performing tasks involving repetitive motions or awkward positions, take periodic stretching breaks or alternate with other tasks. P. While ergonomics can help improve comfort and productivity, remember that short breaks can also be beneficial. Take short breaks and perform other job tasks that enable movement. Filing, making copies, or performing other functions can enable increased circulation, relieve tension and improve mental attitude. Q. Ergonomic stretches and exercises may be helpful to avoid injury. 119 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL 36.4 Other Helpful Tips A. Serious strains often result from improper lifting and handling of boxes and bundles, office supplies, ledgers, office machinery etc. Such objects shall be moved with a hand truck or unpacked and handled in smaller parcels. Bulky objects shall be carried in such a way as not to obstruct the view ahead or interfere with the uses of handrails or stairways. B. If a repetitive job is awkward, try to find a better way to accomplish it. C. Firmly grasp objects using the entire hand. D. Alternate between easy and strenuous tasks. E. Give hands and wrist time to recover after forceful movements. F. Do not carry heavy objects for long periods. Use jacks, dollies, or carts whenever possible. G. When driving, move the seat forward so the wrist rests on top of steering wheel. Sit up straight with knees slightly above the hips, with support for the lower back. H. When standing, stand up straight and maintain lumbar curve. Avoid bending at the waist and standing for prolonged periods of time. I. When walking, maintain an erect posture, always look forward and wear slip resistant, comfortable and supportive shoes that prevent slips, trips and falls. J. When backing down from a height of more than eight inches, step down backward, not forward. K. Using vibrating, heavy hand-held power tools for extended periods of time can increase the stress on the hands, wrists and arms. 120 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 37 — CHLORINE All employees engaged in handling chlorine must be thoroughly trained in the necessary precautions and procedures for the safe handling, storage and use of chlorine. Neither the gas nor the liquid alone is explosive or flammable. Both react chemically with many substances, especially at elevated temperatures. The gas is greenish yellow in color at high concentrations. It has a penetrating odor and is two-and-one-half times as heavy as air. If it escapes from a container or system, it will seek the lowest level in the building or area in which the leak occurs. Employees should also be trained in the use of PPE, safety equipment and first-aid procedures. Do not breathe chlorine vapors. Chlorine irritates the mucous membranes, respiratory tract and eyes. Smoking can aggravate the respiratory symptoms which result from chlorine exposure. Prolonged exposure to the gas causes coughing and gagging and may result in pulmonary edema and death. Individuals with respiratory problems should consult a physician before working with chlorine. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Gaseous chlorine hydrolyzes in the presence of moisture, forming hydrochloric acid, which irritates the eyes and skin. Liquid chlorine removes body heat, freezing exposed skin. Wash thoroughly after handling chlorine. Shower,using plenty of soap and water. Readily accessible eye wash fountains and deluge showers must be provided in strategic locations wherever chlorine is used. Personnel should test equipment on a routine basis to ensure adequate water flow and temperature. 37.1 Chlorine Cylinders A. Store chlorine cylinders in a cool place and protect them from exposure to external heat source. B. Never permit the temperature of the contents to approach 140°F. C. Store outdoor containers away from direct exposure to the sun and weather. D. Keep clean and inspect regularly for leakage. E. Make certain that the storage area is well ventilated and arrange cylinders so that a leaking unit can be removed with minimal handling of other cylinders. F. The storage room should be non-combustible and equipped with a proper type of exhaust ventilation system. G. Place cylinders in the order in which they were received so that the oldest cylinders are used first. H. Install and keep in operating order electronic chlorine detectors in the chlorinator room and storage room. The alarm should include an audible signal and a warning light. The alarm should also be connected to the central security system. 37.2 Controlling and Repairing Chlorine Leaks: A. The slightest odor of chlorine may indicate a leak. Immediately attend to a leak. B. Carefully make connections to the cylinder valve. If connections do not fit and they are forced together,they will leak. C. Two workers shall be assigned to repair a chlorine leak, with one acting as a safety observer. Provide both with self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing while making repairs. D. Never alter or repair cylinder valves, except for tightening the packing nut to stop gas leaks around valve stems. The fusible plug on cylinders below the valve seat cannot be controlled 121 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL by the valve. The one-ton container is equipped with six fusible metal plugs designed to soften or melt at 158°F - 165°F thus allowing the chlorine to discharge. E. Open container valves slowly. Do not use a wrench longer than six inches since larger wrenches will damage the valves. Once complete, turn the valve stem counterclockwise, which will open the valve sufficiently to permit maximum discharge. F. All installations using chlorine should keep a chlorine leak repair kit consisting of suitable clamps, drift pins, hammers,wrenches, and other tools readily available for emergency(s). G. Never apply water to a chlorine cylinder or one-ton container leak because the leak is worsened by the corrosive action of chlorine and water. H. Permit only authorized and trained personnel equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus to investigate chlorine leaks. EMERGENCY CHLORINE LEAK RESPONSE PROCEDURES: The Chlorine used in our treatment processes is extremely dangerous. Very small amounts of chlorine can be FATAL. Every chlorine leak is to be considered dangerous and you must respond immediately with extreme caution. Chlorine leaks are typically characterized by the following: 1. The facility's visual chlorine leak detector alarm will be activated. 2. A very strong, irritating, and pungent odor. 3. A yellow/green gas cloud If you approach an area where chlorine is being used and notice the condition in item#1 above, proceed cautiously to the facility to investigate a potential equipment malfunction. At any time should you detect either of the conditions in item #2 or#3 above, DO NOT, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, continue to approach the area. Evacuate to a safe distance and immediately call 911 for assistance to ensure your safety and the safety of others, then call your supervisor and declare a chlorine leak emergency. The supervisor shall notify the Department Head and the Risk& Safety Manager. 37.3 First Aid for Chlorine Ingestion & Exposure Exposure Symptoms Liquid chlorine is an inhalation, skin and eye irritant. Prolonged contact can produce burns and possibly frostbite. Liquid chlorine vaporizes to gas in the open atmosphere. At detectable odor levels, the gas will irritate the mucous membranes and respiratory tract. (Detectable odor levels range from 0.3 to 3.0 ppm depending on the individual.) With excessive exposure to chlorine, the individual exhibits excitement, accompanied by restlessness, sneezing and copious salivation. In extreme cases, retching, pulmonary edema and even death may occur. There are no specific known antidotes for chlorine. Effective medical management is necessary for relief of symptoms with proper treatment. Complete recovery normally occurs. Inhalation If adverse effects occur, move to an uncontaminated area. Give artificial respiration if a person is not breathing. If breathing is difficult, humidified oxygen should be administered by qualified personnel. If respiration or pulse has stopped, have a trained person administer Basic Life Support (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation/Automatic External Defibrillator) and CALL 911 IMMEDIATELY. 122 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Skin Immediately flush contaminated areas with water. Remove contaminated clothing, jewelry and shoes immediately. Do not attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. Wash contaminated areas with soap and water. Thoroughly clean and dry contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY. Eyes Immediately flush eyes with a directed stream of water for at least 15 minutes, forcibly holding eyelids apart to ensure complete irrigation of all eye and lid tissues. Washing eyes within several seconds is essential to achieve maximum effectiveness. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY. Ingestion Due to its physical properties, swallowing liquid chlorine is extremely unlikely. In such an instance, call a physician immediately. 123 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL SECTION 38 -ASBESTOS • Always wear appropriate PPE when working with asbestos pipes. • Leave asbestos cement pipe in the hole that you are working in. • Abandoned asbestos cement mains left in place shall be properly capped on the open end(s), in a fashion to prevent sand from entering the main. • Should it become necessary to remove and dispose of asbestos cement pipe from the ground, advise your supervisor immediately. There are very specific rules regarding removal and disposal of asbestos cement pipe and reference to the rules may be required in order to assure that proper disposal protocol is followed. 124 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL APPENDIX to 125 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Appendix A - Incident Report Form CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY INCIDENT REPORT FORM Employee Name: First Middle Initial Last Job Title: Department: Date of incident: Time employee began work: Time of incident: Unable to determine time of incident If the incident was a vehicle accident,was a police report filed? ❑ Yes ❑ No If a police report was not filed,why not? Was a citation issued? ❑ Yes ❑ No Employee or other party: Was there vehicle damage? ❑ Yes ❑ No CCUA vehicle or other party: Was a claim filed? ❑ Yes ❑ No Against CCUA or other party: to Was the employee injured? ❑ Yes ❑ No Location of incident: What was the employee doing just before the incident occurred? How did incident occur? If the employee was injured,what object or substance directly harmed the employee? What was the injury or illness? What part of the body was affected, and how was it affected? Examples: "strained lower back" or "chemical burn, hand") Was safety equipment required? ❑ Yes ❑ No In Use? ❑ Yes ❑ No 126 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Witness(es) to incident: If medical treatment was provided away from the worksite, where was it given? Name of Facility/Physician: Address: City State Zip Was the employee treated in a hospital emergency room? ❑ Yes ❑ No Was the employee hospitalized overnight as an in-patient? ❑ Yes ❑ No Was the injury reported to the facility/physician as a Worker's Compensation injury? ❑ Yes ❑ No Employees must take a drug and alcohol test at Clay Medical Services in Green Cove Springs or to at a CareSpot Urgent Care facility. Drug/Alcohol test date: Drug test location: Signature of Employee: Date: Supervisor Signature: I am aware of this stated incident, and I have reviewed this Incident Report. Supplement to the OSHA reports, for CCUA use only. 127 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Appendix B - Confined Space Entry Permit cP7).YAU Confined Space Entry Permit Date Issued: Time Issued: Date Expires: Time Expires: Location of Confined Space: Description of Confined Space: Is the declassification procedures being used Yes❑ No❑ (If declassification procedures are being utilized,supporting documentation must be completed and maintained with the permit). Purpose of Entry/Work to be performed: CONFINED SPACE REQUIREMENTS(CHECK BOXES THAT APPLY) Equipment Preparation Communication Emergency Preparedness CI Lines Blocked and/or Bleed/or Bypassed ❑Job Planning/JHA Completed ❑Emergency Plans Reviewed CI Assembly Points Established CI Lockout/Tagout Procedures Applied CI All Personnel Trained ❑Lines Disconnected ❑Pre-Task Safety Toolbox ❑Rescue Team On Site ❑All Liquid Drained ❑Protocols&Work Procedure Reviewed ❑Non-Entry Rescue O Air Movers(mechanical ventilation) ❑SDS Reviewed and Accessible ❑Retrieval System Available ❑Adjacent Areas Protected from Sparks ❑Communication Method ❑Full Body Harness Required ❑Hot Work Permit ❑Risk&Safety Manager Notified ❑Emergency Contact o Equipment Grounded CI Risk Posted PPE Equipment Additional Safety Controls Serious Hazards for Space ❑Gloves ❑Explosion Proof Equipment _0 Electrical ❑Hearing Protection ❑Fall Protection ❑Ventilation ❑Air Monitoring(4 gas/single meter) ❑Fire Extinguisher Type: •- -+r--1 ❑Entrapment 0 Respirator Type:•- _0--*.-.1E1_❑Scaffolding _❑Engulfment t0 0 Safety Glasses ❑Decontamination(wash)Facilities _0 Chemical ❑Face Shield ❑Water/Liquid Available(Heat 0 Heat/Cold Stress) ❑Excessive Noise(>85 dba) ❑Arc Flash PPE&Clothing ❑Other: ❑Other:: ATMOSPHERIC TESTING(Initial monitoring,and re-testing after space is unoccupied for 10 minutes or more) Multi gas detector manufacturer: I SN: Cal Date: Signature of Person Performing Atmospheric Test: 1 Date&Time: Acceptable _ Limits am/pm am/pm am/pm am/pm am/pm am/pm Oxygen tEL • 19.5—23.5% Below 10% CO Below 25 ppm H2S Below 10 ppm Sample for any known or potentially present toxic material concentrations. Cl2 Below 0.1 ppm I Certify that ail actions and conditions necessary for safe entry have been performed. Confined Space Entry Supervisor Signature: Permit Start Time:MME Confined Space Entry Supervisor Name Print Name: Permit Valid Until: Authorized Entrant Signature(s) Attendant Signature(s): Authorized Entrant Print Name(s)I. Attendant Print Name(s): Confined Space Entry Supervisor Signature&Time of Completion: Important:This permit will be valid for a maximum of eight(8)hours,end of current shift,end of job,or whichever event occurs first.Any unscheduled work stoppage and/or emergency condition will nullify this permit. THIS PERMIT MUST BE POSTED ON JOB SITE -GOOD ONLY ON INDICATED DATE 128 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Appendix C —Hot Work Permit Y u1N• HOT WORK PERMIT Seek an alternative/safer method if possible? Before initiating hot work.ensure precautions are in place as required by Clay County Utility Authority and NFPA Make sure an appropriate fire extinguisher is readily available. This Hot Work Permit is required for any operation involving open flame or producing heat and/or sparks.This work includes, but is not limited to.welding,brazing,cutting,grinding,soldering,thawing pipe,torch-applied roofing,or chemical welding. Date Hot work by aelmployee boantractor Location/Building and floor Name(print)and signature of person doing hot work Work to be done I verify that the above location has been examined,the precautions marked on the checklist below have been taken,and permission is granted for this work_ Name(print)and signature of permit-authorizing individual(PAl) Time started Time completed THIS PERMIT IS GOOD FOR ONE DAY ONLY Available sprinklers.hose streams,and extinguishers are in service and operable. 4 Hot work equipment is in good working condition in accordance with manufacturer's specifications. O Special permission obtained to conduct hot work on metal vessels or piping lined with rubber or plastic. Requirements within 35 ft I l l ml of hot work lammable liquid.dust,lint.and oily deposits removed. • ' .losive atmosphere in area eliminated. • ')oors swept clean and trash removed. • oombuatible floors wet down or covered with damp sand or fire-resistive/noncombustible materials or equivalent. •• el protected from electrical shock when floors are wet. • .er combustible storage material removed or covered with listed or approved materials(welding pads,blankets,or curtains: fire-resistive tarpaulins),metal shields,or noncombustible materials. bI All wall and floor openings covered. f1 Ducts and conveyors that might carry sparks to distant combustible material covered,protected,or shut down. Requirements for hot work on walls.ceilings,or roofs ] 2onstruction is noncombustible and without combustible coverings or insulation. ] Combustible material on other side of walls,ceilings,or roofs is moved away. Requirements for hot work on enclosed equipment ] Enclosed equipment is cleaned of all combustibles. Containers are purged of flammable liquidkapor. ..1 Pressurized vessels,piping,and equipment removed from service,isolated,and vented. Requirements for hot work fire watch and fire monitoring ] LPL--ire watch is provided during and for a minimum of 1 hour after hot work,including any break activity. ] ire watch is provided with suitable extinguishers and,where practical,a charged small hose. Lire watch is trained in use of equipment and in sounding alarm_ ] Dire watch can be required in adjoining areas,above and below. `'• es ] o Per the PAl/fire watch,monitoring of hot work area has been extended beyond 1 hour. 129 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Appendix D - Sample SDS Request Letter �pV COV Nl Clay County Utility Authority Working together to 3176 Old Jennings Road protect public health, Middleburg,FL 32068-3907 conserve our natural Telephone(904)272-5999 www.clayutility.org or resources,and create long-term value for 11 `'a our ratepayers. 'CITY A UTNO�` Date Mr. John Smith ABC Company 123 Any Street Any Town, State 12345 Re: Request for Safety Data Sheet(SDS) Dear Mr. Smith: 0 A routine review of Clay County Utility Authority's (CCUA) SDS file revealed that CCUA is missing a SDS sheet for the following: CCUA's records indicate CCUA purchased this material from (Company Name) CCUA's policy is to have a SDS sheet on file for this product. Mail a copy of your SDS sheet at your earliest convenience to my attention at the address listed above, or e-mail a copy of the SDS sheet to @clayutility.org. Please feel free to contact me at(904) 213-2400, or via e-mail at @clayutility.org, if you have any questions or require any additional information. Very truly yours, CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY 130 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Appendix E - SDS Inspection Stations CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY SDS INSPECTION STATIONS WATER TREATMENT PLANTS WP [1101] Meadowbrook WTP 318 Parkwood Drive WP [1102] Ridgecrest WTP 1082 Camp Johnson Road WP [1103] Lucy Branch WTP 2970 Greenridge Road WP [1104] Fleming Oaks WTP 6572 Bahaia Road WP [1105] OP South WTP 2810-1 Bailey Way WP [1106] Pace Island WTP 1851 Royal Fern Lane WP [1107] Greenwood WTP 181 Knight Boxx Road WP [1108] Tanglewood WTP 1476 Gifford Avenue WP [1109] Ridaught Landing WTP 3020 Chief Ridaught Trail WP [1111] Meadow Lake WTP 3236 Bass Court WP [1112] Pier Station WTP 4073 Pier Station Road E WP [1113] Old Jennings Road WTP 3573 Old Jennings Road WP [1114] Spencer's WTP 4426-1 Hanging Moss Drive WP [1115] Ravines WTP 2919 Ravines Road WP [1118] Keystone Club Estates 4425 S.E. 2nd Avenue WP [1121] Geneva Lake Estates 298 S.E. 27th Loop WP [1123] Peter's Creek WTP 3630 Rosemary Hill WP [1124] Oakleaf Plantation 539 Southwood Way WP [1125] Middleburg High School WTP 2103-1 Blanding Boulevard WP [1126] Kingsley Cove WTP 4049 Buena Vista Avenue WP [1127] Governor's Park WTP CR315 WP [1128] Saratoga Springs WTP 3002 Feed Mill Road WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS SP [2201] Miller Street WWTP 1601 Bartlett Avenue Miller Street Maintenance Facility 1605 Bartlett Avenue SP [2203] Fleming Island WWTP 1770 (WWTP) Radar Road SP [2204] Ridaught Landing WWTP 2878-1 Tuscarora Trail SP [2205] Mid-Clay WWTP 2926-1(WW) Jubilee Lane SP [2206] Spencer's WWTP 3061 Wandering Oaks Drive SP [2208] Fleming Island Reuse 1770-2 (WWTP) Radar Road SP [2209] Old Jennings Road Reuse 3176-2 Old Jennings Road 131 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL i WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS CONT. SP [2210] Keystone Heights WWTP 730 Nightingale Street SP [2211] Peter's Creek WWTP 3616 Rosemary Hill Road SP [2212] Spencer's Reuse 4145-2 Savannah Glen Boulevard SP [2213] Mid-Clay Reuse 2926-2 Jubilee Lane SP [2214] Oakleaf Plantation Reuse 537 Southwood Way SP [2215] Miller Street Reuse Facility 1603 Bartlett Avenue SP [2216] Fairway 3, Pumphouse— 4567 Lakeshore Drive E EH Reuse Storage Pond SP [2217] [ Ridaught Landing Reuse 2878-3 Tuscarora Trail SP [2218] Mid-Clay Reuse Horizontal Well 2926-3 Jubilee Lane SP [2219] Oakleaf Diversion Valve 2994 Challenger Drive SP [2220] Orange Park Country Club Reuse 2559 Country Club Boulevard SP [2221] Governor's Park CR315 SP [2222] Tynes Reclaimed Reuse Plant 1536 Tynes Boulevard SP [2223] Saratoga Springs Reuse 3004 Feed Mill Road SP [2224] Tynes Elementary Reuse Aug Well 1530 Tynes Boulevard SP [2225] Brannan Field Horizontal Well 735 Brannan Field Road ADMINISTRATIVE Main Office Administrative Building&Maintenance 3176 Old Jennings Road Facility PUMP STATIONS LS 1 At Lucy Branch WTP 2970 Greenridge Road LS14 Meadowbrook 3 417 Aquarius Concourse 132 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Appendix F - Monthly Safety Meeting Sign-In Sheet Monthly Safety Meeting Sign-In Sheet Presenter: Supervisor: Department: Date: Time: Meeting Location: Topic: Print Name: Signature: to 133 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Appendix G - Receipt of Health & Safety Manual Date of Issue: I confirm that I received the CCUA Health & Safety Manual on the date listed above. I read and understand the Health & Safety Manual, and I understand that, as an employee, it is my responsibility to abide by CCUA policy and procedures detailed herein. If I have questions about the Health & Safety Manual, other materials received, or any CCUA policy and procedures, I understand it is my responsibility to seek clarification from my supervisor, the Risk& Safety Manager, or the Human Resources Department. Employee Signature: Print Name: Date: to 134 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL DEFINITIONS The following terms and definitions of terms are applicable to this Manual: Accident: An unplanned event which frequently results in injury or damage and interrupts the completion of an activity and is invariably preceded by an unsafe act(s) and/or an unsafe condition(s). Administrative Controls: Changes in the way that work in a job is assigned or scheduled that reduce the magnitude, frequency or duration of exposure to ergonomic risk factors. Aerial Device: Any piece of equipment utilizing a platform to place the employee(s) at an elevated work site. Affected Employees: Employees who operate machinery or equipment upon which lockout or tagging out is required. Air Purifying Respirator: A respirator with an air purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air purifying element. Alive or Live (Energized): Electrically connected to a source of potential difference or electrically charged so as to have a potential significantly different from that of the earth in the vicinity. The term "live" is sometimes used in place of the term "current-carrying," where the intent is clear, to avoid repetition of the longer term. Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring: An engineered shoring system comprised of aluminum hydraulic cylinders (cross braces), used in conjunction with vertical rails (uprights) or horizontal rails (walers). Such a system is designed specifically to support the sidewalls of an excavation and prevent cave-ins. ANSI: American National Standards Institute o Approved: A term, when used in connection with methods, tools or equipment, refers to those methods, tools or equipment acceptable for use by CCUA. Arc Flash Risk Assessment (e.g. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis): An assessment that investigates an employee's potential exposure to arc flash energy. This information is used to determine appropriate safe work practices, boundaries, and personal protective equipment(PPE). Assault: To attack someone physically or verbally, causing bodily or emotional injury, pain, and/or distress. This might involve the use of a weapon, and includes actions such as hitting, punching, pushing, poking, or kicking. Attendant: A person designated by the entry supervisor in charge of entry to remain outside the confined space and to be in constant communication with the personnel working inside the confined space. Authorized Entrant: A person who is approved or assigned by the employer in charge of the entry to perform a specific type of duty or duties or to be at a specific location at the job site. Authorized Person: A person, usually an employee, who has the authority to perform specific duties under certain conditions or who is carrying out orders from responsible authority and who is knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved. Automated External Defibrillator (AED): A medical device that analyzes the heart rhythm and can deliver an electric shock to victims of ventricular fibrillation to restore the heart's normal rhythm. Barricade: A physical obstruction, such as tapes, screens, or cones, intended to warn and limit access to a hazardous area. Benching: A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels. Body Belt (Safety Belt): A strap that both secures around the waist and attaches to a lanyard, lifeline, or strap. 135 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Body Harness: Straps that are secured about an employee in a manner that distributes the arresting forces over at least the thighs, shoulders, and pelvis with provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device. Bonding: The joining of two or more items with an electrical conductor so that all ends joined have the same electrical charge or potential. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): The combination of artificial respiration and manual artificial circulation. Caution- Device on Non-Reclose Tag: This is a physical tag used to indicate that the reclose feature of a breaker has been disabled. This feature shall not be enabled or the breaker closed until the tag is removed. This tag may not be used for any other purpose. Cave-In: The separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or otherwise injure and immobilize a person. Clearance: Authorization to work on a specified piece of equipment or line. It means all switches that could be used to energize the line or equipment have been opened, disabled, tagged and that there is a visual opening at the disconnecting points. An open breaker is not used in a clearance because the employee cannot see the contacts. A disconnect switch would be opened in this case. A clearance order is issued only after the above work is complete but is not a substitute for testing and grounding by the workmen. Combustible Liquids: Any liquid having a flash point at or higher than 140 degrees F and less than 200 degrees F. Communication Lines: The conductors and their supporting or containing structures that are used for public or private signal or communication service. (NOTE: Telephone, cable TV, railroad signal, data, clock, fire, police alarm, and other similar systems are included.) Competent Person: One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Conductor: A material, usually in the form of a wire cable or bus bar, suitable for carrying an electric current. Confined Space: An enclosed space that is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (some examples are tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pits, and dike areas); and is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Contamination: The presence of a hazardous substance that is capable of causing serious physical harm or death. Contractor: Organization contracted by CCUA to perform work on CCUA property or facilities. Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs): Disorders of the muscles, tendons, or nerves. CTDs are caused by repeated stress or exposure to forceful exertions, repetitive motions, awkward body postures, nerve compression and vibration. CTDs typically affect the arms, shoulders, hands or wrists. Danger- Do Not Operate Tag: This is a physical tag that is placed on an energy isolating device or piece of equipment to indicate it shall not be operated until the tag is properly removed. This tag may not be used for any other purpose. De-energized: Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electric charge; not having a potential different from that of the earth. Designated Person: See Authorized Person. Direct Supervision: An authority figure is within close proximity to his or her subjects. 136 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Disciplinary Action: Administrative action taken by CCUA against an employee, ranging from verbal or written reprimand to dismissal. Disconnected: Separated or disconnected from any electrical source of supply. Effectively Grounded: Intentionally connected to earth through a ground connection or connections of sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient current-carrying capacity to prevent the buildup of voltages which may result in undue hazard to connected equipment or to persons. Electronic/SCADA TAGS: The Electronic/SCADA Tags are safety features built into the SCADA system that are used to indicate that either work is being done within the operational boundaries of a piece of equipment, or to provide information about it, but in addition to the informational value, these Electronic/SCADA Tags have the ability to prevent a SCADA controllable device from being operated remotely until the tag is removed. Emergency Switching: Switching that is performed to protect life and/or property, and to restore transmission system operations. Emergency: An emergency occurs when an unusual condition exists that endangers life and/or property. Employee in Charge: The person in the field who is responsible for and supervises the work being performed. Employee: Any person employed by CCUA on either the permanent or temporary payroll. Employer: Clay County Utility Authority Enclosed Space: A working space such as a manhole, vault, tunnel, or shaft that has a limited means of egress or entry, that is designed for periodic employee entry under normal operating conditions, and that under normal conditions does not contain a hazardous atmosphere but may contain a hazardous atmosphere under abnormal conditions. Enclosed: Surrounded by a case, cage, or fence, which will protect the contained equipment and prevent a person from making accidental contact with live parts. Energized: See Alive or Live. Energy Isolation Device: A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy, including but not limited to manually operated circuit breakers, disconnect switches, line valves, a block and any similar devices. Push buttons, selector switches and other control circuits are not acceptable as energy isolating devices. Energy Source: Any electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, nuclear, thermal or other energy source that could cause injury to personnel. Engineering Controls: Physical changes to a job that eliminate or reduce the presence of ergonomic hazards. Examples of engineering controls may include changing, modifying, or redesigning workstations, tools, facilities, equipment, materials or processes. Entry: The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of an opening into the space. Entry Supervisor: Department supervisor or the designated representative (such as the foreman or crew chief) responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this program. Equipment: A general term which includes material, fittings, devices, appliances, fixtures, apparatus and the like, used as part of, or in connection with, an electrical power transmission and/or distribution system. Ergonomic Risk Factors: Aspects of a job that post a biomechanical stress to the employee, such as forceful exertion, repetition, awkward or static postures, contact stress and vibration. 137 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Ergonomics: The science of fitting jobs to people encompassing the body of knowledge about physical abilities and limitations as well as other human characteristics that are relevant to job design. Excavation: Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal. Excavations: Any man-made opening made in the ground, street or sidewalk in connection with CCUA work such as holes or trenches. Exposed: (a) Exposed circuits or lines are those in such a position that in case of failure of supports or insulation, contact with another circuit or line may result. (b) Exposed equipment is an object or device that can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by any person. The term is applied to objects not suitably guarded or isolated. Extended Reach: The addition of any conductive object to lengthen an employee's normal reach within the area of energized lines or equipment. Fall Arrest System: The assemblage of equipment such as a body belt or full body harness in conjunction with a deceleration device and an anchorage to limit the forces an employee would experience during a fall from one elevation to another. Filtering Face Piece (Dust Mask): A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the face piece or with the entire face piece composed of the filtering medium. First Aid: Immediate assistance, emergency care, or treatment given to an ill or injured person before regular medical aid or medical treatment can be obtained. Flammable Liquid: Any liquid having a flash point less than 140 degrees F and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch (absolute) at 100 degrees F. Flares: Flares, torches, fuses, red lanterns, reflectors or any other equipment that is adaptable for use as a visible warning. Supervisor: Used in a general sense to indicate any person, regardless of classification, who is directly in charge of an employee or a specific job or job site. Governmental: Any type of political agency having control over a certain activity or an area. Included are federal, state, county, township, city, etc. Ground (noun): The conductive connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which an electric circuit or equipment is connected to reference ground. Ground (reference): The conductive body, usually earth, to which an electric potential is referenced. Ground (verb): The connecting or establishment of connection, whether by intent or accident, of an electric circuit or equipment to reference ground. Grounded System: A system of conductors in which at least one conductor or point (usually the middle wire or neutral point of transformer or generator windings) is intentionally grounded, either solidly or through a current-limiting device (not a current-interrupting device). Guarded: Protected by personnel, or covered, fenced, or enclosed by means of suitable casings, barrier rails, screens, mats, platforms, or other suitable devices in accordance with standard barricading techniques designed to prevent dangerous approach or contact by persons or objects. (Wires which are insulated, but not otherwise protected, are not considered guarded.) Hazardous Atmosphere: Any atmosphere that may incapacitate, injure, or impair an employee's self- rescue or lead to acute illness or death to workers and rescuers who enter confined spaces. Hazardous Material (Substances): Any substance that is a physical hazard or a health hazard. A substance is a physical hazard when there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive), or water reactive. The substance is a health hazard when it is determined to be a carcinogen, a toxic agent, a reproductive toxin, or an agent that damages the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Hot Work: Any work involving burning, welding, or similar fire-producing operations. Also, any work that produces a source of ignition, such as grinding, drilling, or heating. 138 1 Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Hot Work Permit: The employer's written authorization to perform operations (for example, riveting, welding, cutting,burning, and heating) capable of providing a source of ignition. Human-Caused Emergencies: Hazardous chemical releases, civil disorders, riots, bombs, and hostage situations. Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat of loss of life, may result in irreversible or immediate severe health effects, may result in eye damage/irritation, or other condition that could impair escape from a confined space. Incident: An incident is defined as exposure occurrence. Indirect Supervision: An authority figure is present but possibly not seen or heard. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): The quality of air within the office environment; this is a function of many parameters, including outdoor air quality in the vicinity of the building, the configuration of the enclosed space, the design of the ventilation system, the way the system is operated and maintained, and the presence of sources of contaminants and the concentrations of those contaminants. Injury: Bodily hurt, damage or loss that occurs as the result of an accident arising out of and in the course of employment. Insulated: Separated from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric substance or air space, permanently offering a high resistance to the passage of current and to disruptive discharge through the substance or space. Intimidating Behavior: Threats or other conduct that in any way create a hostile environment, impair Agency operations, or frighten, alarm, or inhibit others. Verbal intimidation may include making false statements that are malicious, disparaging, derogatory, disrespectful, abusive, or rude. Isolated: An object that is not readily accessible to persons unless special means of access are used. Lanyard (Strap): A flexible line used to secure a body belt or body harness to a lifeline or directly to a point of anchorage. Lifeline: A line provided for direct or indirect attachment to an employee's body belt, body harness, lanyard, or deceleration device. Such lifelines may be horizontal or vertical in application. Lockout Device: A device that utilizes a positive means, such as a key or combination lock, to hold an energy isolating device in a safe position and prevent the energizing of a machine or equipment (e.g. blank flanges and bolted slip blinds). Each lockout device will be supplied with a tag that meets the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.147, is intended for use in group lockout, and includes a tag that identifies the lock user and the application date. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The minimum concentration of a combustible gas or vapor in air that will ignite if an ignition source is introduced. Manhole: A subsurface enclosure, which personnel may enter, that is used for installing, operating, and maintaining underground equipment and/or cable. Medical Treatment: Medical treatment includes managing and caring for a patient for the purpose of combating disease or disorder. The following are not considered medical treatments and are NOT recordable: visits to a doctor or health care professional solely for observation or counseling; diagnostic procedures, including administering prescription medications that are used solely for diagnostic purposes; and any procedure that can be labeled first aid. (See First Aid.) Mitigation: Using any device, method, or system to lessen the hazard to an employee at an incident. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs): Disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, or spinal disks. Natural Emergencies: Major fires, hurricanes, earthquake, tornadoes, snow and severe weather. 139 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Near Miss: An unintended, unplanned, and unexpected event that could have, but did not result in personnel injury or property damage. Non-Permit Confined Space: A confined space that does not contain, nor has the potential to contain, any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm (with respect to atmospheric hazards). Notice Tag: This is a physical tag placed on a piece of equipment to provide specific information about the equipment. Occupational Exposure: Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of employee's duties. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970: Requires employers to provide to employees a workplace free from recognized hazards and to comply with safety and health standards established by the Act. The Act also charges each employee with a legal duty to comply with the Act's safety and health standards. Other Employees: Those employees who do not fall into the authorized (qualified) employee or affected employee categories. Oxygen-Deficient Atmosphere: An atmosphere that contains an oxygen concentration of less than 19.5%by volume. Oxygen-Enriched Atmosphere: An atmosphere that contains an oxygen concentration greater than 21.5%by volume. Permissible Exposure Level (PEL): Concentration of a substance to which an individual may be exposed repeatedly without adverse effect. Permit-Required Confined Space: A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; (2) Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant; (3) Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or (4) Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS): Positioning devices, and ladder safety devices or systems. 1. PFAS: A PFAS protects an employee if a fall occurs by arresting or stopping the fall. It must function to ensure that the employee neither free falls more than 6 feet nor contacts any lower level (see OSHA 29 CFR 1926.502(d)(16)(iii)). The anchor point must support at least 5,000 pounds as per attached Authorized Employee (see OSHA 29 CFR 1926.502(d)(15)). Personal Fall Restraint Systems (PFRS): A PFRS will prevent an employee from falling any distance. Restraint systems used by employees must have the capacity to withstand at least twice the maximum expected force that is needed to restrain a person from exposure to the fall hazard. In determining this force, consideration should be given to site-specific factors such as the force generated by a person walking, leaning, or sliding down a working surface. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Any devices or clothing worn by the employee to protect against hazards in the environment. Examples are respirators, gloves, and chemical splash goggles. Physical Tag: Physical tags are devices placed on pieces of equipment to indicate that either work is being performed within the operational boundaries of that piece of equipment, or to provide information about it. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB): A hazardous, nonconductive and noncombustible liquid used in some older transformers and capacitors. Power System Operator (PSO): An individual on duty in the Energy Control Center (ECC) who has the responsibility to authorize switching and clearance orders and to monitor and control the electric system. 140 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Any devices or clothing worn by the employee to protect against hazards in the environment. Examples are respirators, gloves, and chemical splash goggles. Public: Any individual who is not an employee or representative of CCUA. Purging: The removal of gases or vapors from a confined space by the process of displacement. Qualified Person (For Water, Wastewater or Reclaimed Water Treatment or Distribution): Employee knowledgeable in the construction and operation of water, wastewater or reclaimed water treatment, collection and distribution equipment involved, along with the associated hazards. Qualified employees shall be trained and competent in: (1) the skills and techniques necessary to distinguish parts of equipment; and (2) the proper use of precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, materials and tools for working on the system. An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training and who, in the course of that training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified employee is considered to be a qualified employee for the performance of those duties. An employee undergoing on-the-job training must meet the full requirements required for the position. Qualified Person (In General): A qualified person is an employee who is specially qualified to do a particular job because of education, training and/or experience. It is possible, even likely, that a qualified employee in one context or situation would not be a qualified employee in another situation. Reduced Visibility: Times when normal visibility is reduced because of insufficient daylight (dawn or dusk) or adverse weather conditions such as fog, heavy rainfall or snow. Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs): A general term (CTD) used to describe a range of symptoms associated with repetitive motion work. Road: The paved or unpaved surface of a roadway upon which vehicles are intended to travel. When the road is paved, the entire surface is included. Roadway: The road and the areas immediately adjacent thereto, such as the shoulder of the road, parking strip, etc. This area normally extends approximately fifteen(15) feet from the road. Safe Work Practice: A procedure or step an employee should follow in completing a given job safely and efficiently. Safety Belt: See Body Belt. Safety Can: An approved closed container of not more than five (5)-gallon capacity having a flash- arresting screen, spring-closing lid and spout cover, and designed so that it will safely relieve internal pressure when subjected to a fire. Safety Data Sheet (SDS): A document provided by manufacturers and importers of chemicals to convey information to the users of their products. The information includes data on physical characteristics, fire and explosion hazards, reactivity, and health hazards; special precautions; and fire and spill procedures. Safety Rule: A positive rule requiring compliance by all employees concerned. Deviation from safety rules is not permitted and will be subject to disciplinary action. Shall: Word used to mean "must be obeyed as written." (A mandatory requirement.) Shield (Shield System): A structure able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees with the structure. Shields can be permanent structure or can be designed to be portable and moved along as work progresses. Also known as trench box or trench shield. Shoring (Shoring System): A structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical, or timber shoring system that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins. Should: When the word "should" appears in the wording of a rule, the rule is to be obeyed as written when it is reasonable or practical to do so. (An advisory requirement.) 141 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL Sloping (Sloping System): A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating to form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation to prevent cave-ins. The angle of incline varies with differences in such factors as the soil type, environmental conditions of exposure, and application of surcharge loads. Snap-Hook: A self-closing device with a keeper, latch, or other similar arrangement that will remain closed until manually opened. Such devices include self-closing, single-action, double-action, or double-locking snap-hooks. Standby Person (Attendant): A person designated to be in charge of entry to remain outside the confined space and to be in constant communication with the personnel working inside the confined space. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA): The computer system used to monitor and control the power system. Tagout Device: A prominent warning device, such as a tag, and a means of attachment, that can be securely fastened to an energy isolating device in accordance with an established procedure to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled may not be operated until the tagout device is removed. Tailgate Safety Meeting: A short informal discussion of the work to be accomplished and the safety measures to be incorporated. Normally conducted by the foreman or supervisor, these discussions are also known as "tailboard talks," "job briefings" or "five-minute safety talks." Threat: Any oral or written expression or gesture that could be interpreted by a reasonable person as conveying intent to cause physical harm to persons or property. Three Way Communication: Three-way communications will begin with a directive issued in a clear and precise manner. That directive is to be repeated back to the issuing party. The issuer shall reply "That is correct." If the repeat is not correct, the issuer shall reply "That is not correct" and repeat the original directive. Both parties shall be in agreement before the action is to be executed. Trench (Trench Excavation): A narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench is not greater than 15 feet. If forms or other structures are installed or constructed in an excavation as to reduce the dimension measured from the forms or structure to the side of the excavation to 15 feet or less, the excavation is also considered to be a trench Universal Precautions: CCUA practices universal precautions; therefore, we treat all human blood and bodily fluids as if they are known to be infectious for HBV, HCV, HIV and other bloodborne pathogens. Examples of bodily fluids include, but are not limited to vomitus, vaginal secretions, semen, and stool. Unsafe Conditions: Dangerous, hazardous, defective, or unusual conditions that could be conducive to or cause accidents. Voltage: The effective potential difference between any two (2) conductors or between a conductor and ground. The voltage specified in this Manual shall mean the maximum effective voltage to which the personnel or protective equipment may be subjected. Low voltage includes voltages up to 600 volts. High voltage shall mean voltages in excess of 600 volts. Voluntary Consensus Standards: Standards that organizations choose to implement due to their merit and incorporation of the latest industry developments and recognized best practices. Warning Signs: For use in this Manual, a warning sign is any sign or similar means of alerting an employee or the public of an actual or possible hazard. Included are "Danger" signs, "Caution" sign. Workplace Violence: An action, whether verbal, written, or physical aggression, that is intended to control, cause, or is capable of causing injury to oneself or other, emotional harm, or damage to property. 142I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL Work-Related Injury: An injury or illness is considered work-related if an event or exposure in the work environment caused or contributed to the condition or significantly aggravated a preexisting condition. Work-relatedness is presumed for injuries and illnesses resulting from events or exposures occurring in the workplace unless an exception specifically applies. See 29 CFR Part 1904.5(b)(2) for the exceptions. The work environment includes the establishment and other locations where one or more employees are working or are present as a condition of their employment. See 29 CFR Part 1904.5(b)(1). 143 I Page CLAY COUNTY UTILITY AUTHORITY HEALTH& SAFETY MANUAL HEALTH & SAFETY MANUAL REVISIONS DATE PAGE SECTION PARAGRAPH SUBJECT U to 144IPage