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2023 Water Quality Report
Clay County Utility Authority is very pleased to provide you with this year's Annual
Water Quality Report. We want to keep you informed about the excellent water and
services we have delivered to you over the past year. Our goal is and always has
been, to provide to you a safe and dependable supply of drinking water.
The entire CCUA team takes great pride in delivering the safe and reliable
drinking water services we count on every day. We are very pleased to
provide this water quality report. The report demonstrates the continued high
quality of drinking water our customers receive. Should you have any
questions regarding the information in this report, please feel free to contact
our office at 904-272-5999 and our team of professionals will be happy to
answer your questions.
- Jeremy Johnston, MBA, PE
Executive Director
CCUA Water System, Source, and Treatment Process
All CCUA Water Treatment Plants’ (WTPs) water sources are groundwater from the Floridan Aquifer (1). The
groundwater is drawn up by the well pumps (2) and is directed to the aerators (3) for odor removal. Water then
leaves the aerator and is chlorinated (4) before entering the storage tanks (5) for disinfection purposes. When
needed, water will be pumped out of the storage tanks by the high service pumps (6) for distribution to homes,
businesses, and restaurants (7).
The following systems are aerated for odor removal: Orange Park Grid, Pace Fleming Grid, Lake Asbury Grid,
Keystone Postmaster Grid, and Ravines. Geneva Lakes Estate is treated with Aqua-Mag to reduce iron levels.
Note: Grid systems are multiple WTPs that are connected by piping and are considered one system.
Pictured Below: Peters Creek WTP, Left – Well #2, Right – Ground Storage Tank and Aerator
System Number of
Potential Sources
Susceptibility
Level
Orange Park Grid 13 12 Low
1 Moderate
Pace Fleming Grid 2 Low
Lake Asbury Grid 3 Low
Keystone Postmaster Grid 0 N/A
Ravines 1 Low
Geneva Lake Estates 0 N/A
Pier Station 0 N/A
Kingsley Cove 1 Moderate
In 2023, the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection (FDEP) performed a Source Water
Assessment on our system. The assessment was
conducted to provide information about any
potential sources of contamination in the vicinity of
our wells. The table to the right identifies the
number of potential sources of contamination for
each of CCUA’s systems. The assessment results
are available on the FDEP Source Water
Assessment and Protection Program (SWAPP)
website at https://prodapps.dep.state.fl.us/swapp/
or they can be obtained from CCUA Environmental
Compliance Staff at 904-272-5999 or
envcomp@clayutility.org.
Source Water Assessment and Protection Program
Grid Systems and
Stand-Alone WTPs
Orange Park Grid (Orange)
• Meadowbrook
• Ridgecrest
• Tanglewood
• Orange Park South
• Old Jennings Road
• Spencer’s Crossing
• Oakleaf Plantation
• Middleburg High
School
Pace Fleming Grid (Pink)
• Pace Island
• Fleming Oaks
Lake Asbury Grid (Yellow)
• Meadowlake
• Peters Creek
• Saratoga Springs
Keystone Postmaster Grid
(Teal)
• Keystone Heights
• Postmaster Village
Ravines (Blue)
Geneve Lake Estates (Red)
Pier Station (Green)
Kingsley Cove (Purple)
CCUA routinely monitors for contaminants in your drinking water according to federal and state laws, rules, and
regulations. Except where indicated otherwise, this report is based on the results of our monitoring for the period of
January 1 to December 31, 2023.
The state allows us to monitor for some contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these
contaminants do not change frequently. Some of our data, though representative, are more than one-year old. Data obtained
before January 1, 2023, and presented in this report are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the laws,
rules, and regulations.
Unfamiliar Terms and Abbreviations
To help you better understand these terms
we've provided the following definitions:
Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL: The
highest level of a contaminant that is
allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as
close to the MCLGs as feasible using the
best available treatment technology.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG:
The level of a contaminant in drinking water
below which there is no known or expected
risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of
safety.
Action Level (AL): The concentration of a
contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers
treatment or other requirements that a
water system must follow.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level or
MRDL: The highest level of a disinfectant
allowed in drinking water. There is
convincing evidence that addition of a
disinfectant is necessary for control of
microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
or MRDLG: The level of a drinking water
disinfectant below which there is no known
or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not
reflect the benefits of the use of
disinfectants to control microbial
contaminants.
‘ND’ means not detected and indicates that
the substance was not found by laboratory
analysis.
Parts per billion (ppb) or micrograms per
liter (µg/l): one part by weight of analyte to
1 billion parts by weight of the water
sample.
Parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per
liter (mg/l): one part by weight of analyte to
1 million parts by weight of the water
sample.
The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include
rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water
travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves
naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material,
and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or
from human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source water include:
(A) Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may
come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural
livestock operations, and wildlife.
(B) Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be
naturally occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or
domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or
farming.
(C) Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources
such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff and residential uses.
(D) Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile
organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and
petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban
stormwater runoff, and septic systems.
(E) Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the
result of oil and gas production and mining activities.
To ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the EPA prescribes regulations
which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by
public water systems. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water, which
must provide the same protection for public health.
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to
contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of
contaminants does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a
health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health
effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s
Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.
Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water
than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as
persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have
undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune
system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk
from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water
from their health care providers. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency/Center for Disease Control guidelines on appropriate means to
lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological
contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-
426-4791).
Water Quality Results
Inorganic Contaminants
and Unit of Measurement
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Violation
Y/N MCLG MCL
Arsenic (ppb)04/23 ND ND 06/21 1.6 N/A 06/21 ND ND 06/21 0.82 N/A N 0 10
Barium (ppm)04/23 0.0067 N/A 06/21 0.0098 N/A 06/21 0.0059 N/A 06/21 0.0094 N/A N 2 2
Chromium (ppb)04/23 ND ND 06/21 0.65 N/A 06/21 ND ND 06/21 ND ND N 100 100
Nickel (ppb)04/23 ND ND 06/21 5.9 N/A 06/21 ND ND 06/21 ND ND N N/A 100
Sodium (ppm)04/23 5.8 N/A 06/21 8.9 N/A 06/21 7.5 N/A 06/21 7.8 N/A N N/A 160
Stage 1 Disinfectants and
Disinfection By-products
and Unit of Measurement
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Violation
Y/N MRDLG MRDL
Chlorine (ppm)01/23 -
12/23 2.1 1.6 - 2.4 01/23 -
12/23 2.2 1.8 - 2.2 01/23 -
12/23 2.3 1.1 - 2.3 01/23 -
12/23 2.4 1.0 - 2.4 N 4 4
Stage 2 Disinfectants and
Disinfection By-Products
and Unit of Measurements
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Violation
Y/N MCLG MCL
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
(ppb)08/23 4.66 4.41 - 4.66 08/23 13.96 8.84 - 13.96 08/22 3.9 3.8 - 3.9 08/23 26.42 9.14 - 26.42 N N/A 60
Total Trihalomethanes
(TTHM) (ppb)08/23 13.02 12.15 - 13.02 08/23 11.88 8.12 - 11.88 08/22 12.5 9.9 - 12.5 08/23 44.67 24.69 - 44.67 N N/A 80 By-product of drinking water disinfection
Likely Source of Contamination
Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from
orchards; runoff from glass and electronics
production wastes
Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from
metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits
Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion
of natural depositsPollution from mining and refining
operations. Natural occurrence in soil
Saltwater intrusion, leaching from soil
Likely Source of Contamination
Water additive used to control microbes
Likely Source of Contamination
By-product of drinking water disinfection
Ravines Geneva Lake Estates Pier Station Kingsley Cove
Inorganic Contaminants and Unit of Measurement Sample Date Level Detected Range of Results Sample Date Level Detected Range of Results Sample Date Level Detected Range of Results Sample Date Level Detected Range of Results Violation Y/N MCLG MCL
Arsenic (ppb)02/23 &
03/23 ND ND 03/23 ND ND 04/23 ND ND 04/23 0.82 ND - 0.82 N 0 10
Barium (ppm)02/23 &
03/23 0.019 0.009-
0.019 03/23 0.0091 0.0086 -
0.0091 04/23 0.0086 0.0083 -
0.0086 04/23 0.007 0.0068 -
0.007 N 2 2
Chromium (ppb)02/23 &
03/23 ND ND 03/23 ND ND 04/23 ND ND 04/23 0.59 ND - 0.59 N 100 100
Fluoride (ppm)03/23 0.2 ND - 0.2 03/23 0.22 0.2 - 0.22 04/23 ND ND 04/23 ND ND N 4 4
Mercury (inorganic) (ppb)03/23 0.046 0.023 -
0.046 03/23 0.06 0.046 -
0.06 04/23 ND ND 04/23 ND ND N 2 2
Nickel (ppb)03/23 ND ND ND ND ND 04/23 1.7 ND - 1.7 04/23 ND ND N N/A 100
Sodium (ppm)02/23 &
03/23 12.0 5.8 - 12.0 03/23 8.3 7.3 - 8.3 04/23 8.0 5.8 - 8.0 04/23 9.9 8.8 - 9.9 N N/A 160
Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products
and Unit of Measurements
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Violation
Y/N MRDLG MRDL
Chlorine (ppm)01/23 -
12/23 2.1 1.2 - 2.7 01/23 -
12/23 2.1 1.0 - 2.5 01/23 -
12/23 2.2 1.4 - 2.5 01/23 -
12/23 2 1.6 - 2.3 N 4 4
Stage 2 Disinfectants and
Disinfection By-Products
and Unit of Measurements
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Sample
Date
Level
Detected
Range of
Results
Violation
Y/N MCLG MCL
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
(ppb)
01/23 &
07/23 12.36 9.86 -
12.36
01/23 &
07/23 7.82 2.88 - 7.82 04/23 &
08/23 7.74 0.96 - 7.74 08/23 10.14 9.8 - 10.14 N N/A 60
Total Trihalomethanes
(TTHM) (ppb)
01/23 &
07/23 23.84 18.4 -
23.84
01/23 &
07/23 12.09 7.37 - 12.09 04/23 &
08/23 6.65 4.32 - 6.65 08/23 22.35 21.99 - 22.35 N N/A 80 By-product of drinking water disinfection
Likely Source of Contamination
Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff
from glass and electronics production wastes
Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal
refineries; erosion of natural deposits
Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer and
aluminum factories. Water additive which promotes strong teeth when at the optimum level of 0.7 ppm
Orange Park Grid Pace Fleming Grid Lake Asbury Grid Keystone Postmaster Grid
Saltwater intrusion, leaching from soil
Likely Source of Contamination
Water additive used to control microbes
Pollution from mining and refining operations. Natural
occurrence in soil
Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural
deposits
Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries
and factories; runoff from landfills; runoff from cropland
Likely Source of Contamination
By-product of drinking water disinfection
Lead and Copper Results
If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in
drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. Clay County Utility
Authority is responsible for providing high quality drinking water but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing
components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your
tap for 30 seconds to two minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you
may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize
exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.
In 2023, Fleming Oaks WTP was required to conduct two sets of Synthetic Organic Contaminants (SOC) sampling, 60 or more days apart. CCUA
completed this required sampling on March 15, 2023, and September 20, 2023. However, the March 15, 2023, results for one contaminant,
benzo(a)pyrene, could not be accepted by FDEP due to quality control processes at the laboratory. All September 20, 2023, SOC results were
accepted with no issue.
On April 23, 2024, FDEP notified CCUA that the March 15, 2023, benzo(a)pyrene sample was not accepted due to the laboratory error and requested
CCUA to resample benzo(a)pyrene at Fleming Oaks WTP. The resample was conducted May 2, 2024, and benzo(a)pyrene was undetected.
DEP/EPA Required Health Effects Statement for Benzo(a)pyrene: Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL
over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-
and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations
CCUA remains compliant with all permit conditions. Laboratory errors do not indicate a permit compliance violation. There are no immediate risks
to the public. CCUA will notify the public immediately should a risk to the public arise.
For your reference: The Fleming Oaks WTP has been sampled for SOCs every three years per EPA regulations (2023, 2020, 2017, 2014, 2011) and
benzo(a)pyrene was undetected each time.
Lead and Copper (Tap
Water) and Unit of Measurement
Sample Date
90th
Percentile Result
No. of Sample
Sites Exceeding the AL
Sample Date
90th
Percentile Result
No. of Sample
Sites Exceeding the AL
Sample Date
90th
Percentile Result
No. of Sample
Sites Exceeding the AL
Sample Date
90th
Percentile Result
No. of Sample
Sites Exceeding the AL Violation Y/N MCLG AL (Action Level)
Copper (tap water) (ppm)07/22 0.032 0 06/22 0.03 0 06/23 0.049 0 06/23 0.078 0 N 1.3 1.3
Lead (tap water) (ppb)07/22 0.53 0 06/22 0.5 0 06/23 0.75 0 06/23 2.4 0 N 0 15
Lead and Copper (Tap
Water) and Unit of
Measurement
Sample
Date
90th
Percentile
Result
No. of Sample
Sites Exceeding
the AL
Sample
Date
90th
Percentile
Result
No. of Sample
Sites Exceeding
the AL
Sample
Date
90th
Percentile
Result
No. of Sample
Sites Exceeding
the AL
Sample
Date
90th
Percentile
Result
No. of Sample
Sites Exceeding
the AL
Violation Y/N MCLG AL (Action
Level)
Copper (tap water) (ppm)06/23 0.068 0 06/23 0.33 0 06/23 0.0139 0 09/21 0.0225 0 N 1.3 1.3
Lead (tap water) (ppb)06/23 0.5 0 06/23 7.8 0 06/23 0.5 0 09/21 0.5 0 N 0 15
Likely Source of Contamination
Corrosion of household plumbing
systems; erosion of natural deposits;
Corrosion of household plumbing
systems; erosion of natural deposits
Corrosion of household plumbing
systems; erosion of natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives
Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits
Ravines Geneva Lake Estates Pier Station Kingsley Cove
Likely Source of Contamination
Orange Park Grid Pace Fleming Grid Lake Asbury Grid Keystone Postmaster Grid
Drinking Water System First Set Second Set
Orange Park Grid July 2024 January 2025
Pace Fleming Grid February 2025 August 2025
Lake Asbury Grid October 2023 April 2024
Keystone Postmaster Grid February 2025 August 2025
Ravines May 2024 November 2024
Unregulated Contaminants – PFAS/Lithium
CCUA has sampled for 29 PFAS compounds and lithium as required by the Environmental Protection
Agency through the fifth unregulated contaminants monitoring rule (UCMR5), at the following Lake Asbury
Grid plants, Meadowlake WTP and the Peters Creek WTP. The two WTPs were sampled for UCMR5
constituents in October 2023. CCUA has received the laboratory results, and all compounds were
undetectable. The second set of sampling of the Lake Asbury Grid was completed in April 2024 and all
compounds were undetectable. In addition to the Lake Asbury Grid, CCUA’s other large community
systems (≥ 3,300 population) are scheduled for UCMR5 constituents sampling as shown below.
Please note, the Lake Asbury Grid Saratoga Springs WTP is not included in the UCMR5 sampling since the
WTP is a brand new WTP in service as of February 2024. Additionally, small community systems (≤ 3,300
population) were selected randomly by the EPA across the states, therefore Geneva Lake Estates, Pier
Station, and Kingsley Cove WTP were not included on the UCMR5 list.
To Our Reclaimed Customers
CCUA is pleased to provide this annual notification to our reclaimed water customers. Reclaimed
water is highly treated wastewater that meets strict Florida Department of Environmental
Protection regulations. Reclaimed water is clear and odorless, with low levels of nutrients, which
makes it great for irrigation. Reclaimed water should not be used to fill swimming pools, hot
tubs, or wading pools. CCUA provides reclaimed water to over 19,000 homes and businesses. If
you are unsure if you are a reclaimed customer, please contact our Customer Service
Department at 904-272-5999.
2023 FDEP Plant Excellence Awards
Small Community System – Pier Station WTP
Drinking Water Operator – Nicolas Jourdan, Lead Water Operator – Peter’s Creek WTP
Wastewater Operator – Lyle Fulton, Chief Wastewater Operator – Miller Street Wastewater
Treatment Facility
American Water Works Association, Florida Section – Best Drinking Water Contest
Region II – Ravines WTP
To Our Hagans Ridge Customers
Hagans Ridge CCUA customers water source is purchased ground water from the City of Green
Cove Springs PWS ID 2100437. The City of Green Cove Springs’ water comes from five (5) wells
that receive water from the Floridan Aquifer. The City of Green Cove Springs’ water is aerated to
remove odor and chlorinated for disinfection purposes.
The City of Green Cove Springs routinely monitors for contaminants in your drinking water
according to federal and state laws, rules, and regulations. Except where indicated otherwise,
this report is based on the results of monitoring for the period of January 1 to December 31, 2023.
The state allows the City of Green Cove Springs to monitor for some contaminants less than once
per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently. Some of the
data, though representative, are more than one-year old. Data obtained before January 1, 2023,
and presented in this report are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the laws,
rules, and regulations.
Source Water Assessment and Protection Program
In 2023, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) performed a Source Water
Assessment on the City of Green Cove Springs’ system. The assessment was conducted to
provide information about any potential sources of contamination in the vicinity of the wells.
There are eight potential sources of contamination identified for this system with low to moderate
susceptibility levels.
The assessment results are available on the FDEP Source Water Assessment and Protection
Program (SWAPP) website at https://prodapps.dep.state.fl.us/swapp/
Inorganic Contaminants and Unit of Measurement Sample Date Level Detected Range of Results Violation Y/N MCLG MCL Likely Source of Contamination
Barium (ppm)07/23 0.016 0.012-0.016 N 2 2 Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits
Fluoride (ppm)07/23 0.24 0.23-0.24 N 4 4
Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories. Water additive
which promotes strong teeth when at the
optimum level of 0.7 ppm
Nitrate (as Nitrogen) (ppm)07/23 0.23 0.22-0.23 N 10 10 Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural depositsSodium (ppm)07/23 13 7.6-13 N N/A 160 Saltwater intrusion, leaching from soilStage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products and Unit of Measurement Sample Date Level Detected Range of Results Violation Y/N MRDLG MRDL Likely Source of Contamination
Chlorine (ppm)01/23-12/23 1.64 0.72-2.29 N 4 4 Water additive used to control microbes
Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection
By-Products and Unit of Measurements Sample Date Level Detected Range of Results Violation Y/N MCLG MCL Likely Source of Contamination
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) (ppb)7/23 5 N/A N N/A 60 By-product of drinking water disinfection
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) (ppb)7/23 12.57 N/A N N/A 80 By-product of drinking water disinfection
Lead and Copper (Tap Water) and Unit of Measurement Sample Date 90th Percentile Result No. of Sample Sites Exceeding the AL Violation Y/N MCLG AL Likely Source of Contamination
Copper (tap water) (ppm)09/22 0.055 0 N 1.3 1.3
Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives
Lead (tap water) (ppb)09/22 0.0013 0 N 0 15 Corrosion of household plumbing systems;
erosion of natural deposits
Water Quality Results for Hagans Ridge
To help you better understand these terms, please see the table above titled ‘Unfamiliar Terms and Abbreviations’
The 2023 CCUA Water Quality Report is also available at CCUA’s Administrative Building located at
3176 Old Jennings Road, Middleburg, FL 32068 upon request. We at CCUA would like you to
understand the efforts we make to continually improve the water treatment process and protect
our water resources. We are committed to ensuring the quality of your water.
If you have any questions about this report or concerning your water utility, please contact CCUA
Environmental Compliance Staff at 904-272-5999 or envcomp@clayutility.org. We encourage our
valued customers to be informed about their water utility. If you want to learn more, please
attend any of our regularly scheduled meetings. They are held on the first and third Tuesdays of
every month at 2:00pm in the Board Room of the CCUA Administrative Building at 3176 Old
Jennings Road, Middleburg, Florida, 32068. You can also obtain additional information from EPA
at their Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
Contact and Connect with CCUA
Phone: 904-272-5999
Online: CCUA : Contact Us (clayutility.org)
Office: 3176 Old Jennings Road
Middleburg, FL 32068
M-F 8:00 am – 5:00 pm
Twitter: Clay County Utility (@CCUA) / Twitter
LinkedIn: Clay County Utility Authority | LinkedIn
Facebook: Clay County Utility Authority, Florida | Middleburg FL | Facebook